1. X. J. Zhang, J. P. He, X. X. Wen and L. Zhao (2011) Immunolocalisation and expression of Smad2 and Smad4 proteins in dog testis during postnatal development. Andrologia 43(4): 254-60.
Abstract The expression and localisation of downstream signalling molecules of transforming growth factor beta superfamily, Smad2 and Smad4 proteins, was investigated in immature and mature dog testis. Cellular localisation of Smad2 and Smad4 proteins was examined using immunohistochemistry. Quantitative analysis of immunostaining was determined by the image analysis system. The specificity of the antibodies was examined using Western blotting assay. Smad2 and Smad4 were widely expressed in the testes, mainly immunolocalised in the cytoplasm of gonocytes, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells of immature testes, and Leydig cells and Sertoli cells of mature testes. At the same time, the expression levels for both proteins were different between immature and mature age groups PMID: [21486406]
Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: X. J. Zhang, J. P. He, X. X. Wen and L. Zhao (2011) Immunolocalisation and expression of Smad2 and Smad4 proteins in dog testis during postnatal development. Andrologia 43(4): 254-60. PMID: [21486406]
Function
Essential component of a MLL/SET1 histonemethyltransferase (HMT) complex, a complex that specificallymethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4). Functions as atranscriptional regulator. Binds to the TERT promoter andrepresses telomerase expression. Plays a role in TGFB1-mediatedinhibition of cell-proliferation, possibly regulating SMAD3transcriptional activity. Represses JUND-mediated transcriptionalactivation on AP1 sites, as well as that mediated by NFKB subunitRELA. Positively regulates HOXC8 and HOXC6 gene expression. May beinvolved in normal hematopoiesis through the activation of HOXA9expression. May be involved in DNA repair (By similarity).