1. Z. Wang and R. S. Mann (2003) Requirement for two nearly identical TGIF-related homeobox genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 130(13): 2853-65.
Abstract The genetic analysis of spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster has led to the identification of several genes that control the onset of meiosis, spermatid differentiation, or both. We described two tightly linked and nearly identical homeobox genes of the TGIF (TG-interacting factor) subclass called vismay and achintya that are essential for spermatogenesis in Drosophila. In flies deficient for both genes, spermatogenesis is blocked prior to any spermatid differentiation and before the first meiotic division. This suggests that vismay and achintya function at the same step as two previously characterized meiotic arrest genes, always early and cookie monster. Consistent with this idea, both always early and cookie monster are still expressed in flies deficient in vismay and achintya. Conversely, Vismay and Achintya proteins are present in always early mutant testes. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments further suggest that Vismay and Achintya proteins exist in a complex with Always early and Cookie monster proteins. Because Vismay and Achintya are likely to be sequence-specific DNA binding factors, these results suggest that they help to specify the spermatogenesis program by recruiting or stabilizing Always early and Cookie monster to specific target genes that need to be transcriptionally regulated during testes development. PMID: [12756170]
2. J. C. Caldwell, M. L. Joiner, E. Sivan-Loukianova and D. F. Eberl (2008) The role of the RING-finger protein Elfless in Drosophila spermatogenesis and apoptosis. Fly (Austin) 2(6): 269-79.
Abstract elfless (CG15150, FBgn0032660) maps to polytene region 36DE 5' (left) of reduced ocelli/Pray for Elves (PFE) on chromosome 2L and is predicted to encode a 187 amino acid RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that is putatively involved in programmed cell death (PCD, e.g., apoptosis). Several experimental approaches were used to characterize CG15150/elfless and test whether defects in this gene underlie the male sterile phenotype associated with overlapping chromosomal deficiencies of region 36DE. elfless expression is greatly enhanced in the testes and the expression pattern of UAS-elfless-EGFP driven by elfless-Gal4 is restricted to the tail cyst cell nuclei of the testes. Despite this, elfless transgenes failed to rescue the male sterile phenotype in Df/Df flies. Furthermore, null alleles of elfless, generated either by imprecise excision of an upstream P-element or by FLP-FRT deletion between two flanking piggyBac elements, are fertile. In a gain-of-function setting in the eye, we found that elfless genetically interacts with key members of the apoptotic pathway including the initiator caspase Dronc and the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbcD1. DIAP1, but not UbcD1, protein levels are increased in heads of flies expressing Elfless-EGFP in the eye, and in testes of flies expressing elfless-Gal4 driven Elfless-EGFP. Based on these findings, we speculate that Elfless may regulate tail cyst cell degradation to provide an advantageous, though not essential, function in the testis. PMID: [19077536]
Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: Z. Wang and R. S. Mann (2003) Requirement for two nearly identical TGIF-related homeobox genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 130(13): 2853-65. PMID: [12756170]
Ref: Z. Wang and R. S. Mann (2003) Requirement for two nearly identical TGIF-related homeobox genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 130(13): 2853-65. PMID: [12756170]
Ref: Z. Wang and R. S. Mann (2003) Requirement for two nearly identical TGIF-related homeobox genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 130(13): 2853-65. PMID: [12756170]
Ref: Z. Wang and R. S. Mann (2003) Requirement for two nearly identical TGIF-related homeobox genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 130(13): 2853-65. PMID: [12756170]
Ref: Z. Wang and R. S. Mann (2003) Requirement for two nearly identical TGIF-related homeobox genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 130(13): 2853-65. PMID: [12756170]
Ref: Z. Wang and R. S. Mann (2003) Requirement for two nearly identical TGIF-related homeobox genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 130(13): 2853-65. PMID: [12756170]
Nucleus (By similarity).-----------------------------------------------------------------------Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/termsDistributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License-----------------------------------------------------------------------
F:RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription