SG ID

SG00000378 

UniProt Accession

MILT_DROME;Q960V3;Q0E8S6;Q8SWX2;Q95NI8;  

Theoretical PI

5.45  

Molecular Weight

120649 Da  

Genbank Nucleotide ID

AY038000; AY038001; AE014134; AE014134; AY051825; AY095025;  

Genbank Protein ID

AAK74155.1; AAK74156.1; AAN10620.1; AAN10622.1; AAK93249.1; AAM11353.1; 

Gene Name

milt 

Gene Synonyms/Alias

ORFNames=CG43227 

Protein Name

Trafficking kinesin-binding protein milt 

Protein Synonyms/Alias

Protein milton 

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) 

7227 

Temporarily unavailable 

The information of related literatures

1. A. C. Aldridge, L. P. Benson, M. M. Siegenthaler, B. T. Whigham, R. S. Stowers and K. G. Hales (2007) Roles for Drp1, a dynamin-related protein, and milton, a kinesin-associated protein, in mitochondrial segregation, unfurling and elongation during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Fly (Austin) 1(1): 38-46. 

Abstract
Mitochondria undergo dramatic rearrangement during Drosophila spermatogenesis. In wild type testes, the many small mitochondria present in pre-meiotic spermatocytes later aggregate, fuse, and interwrap in post-meiotic haploid spermatids to form the spherical Nebenkern, whose two giant mitochondrial compartments later unfurl and elongate beside the growing flagellar axoneme. Drp1 encodes a dynamin-related protein whose homologs in many organisms mediate mitochondrial fission and whose Drosophila homolog is known to govern mitochondrial morphology in neurons. The milton gene encodes an adaptor protein that links mitochondria with kinesin and that is required for mitochondrial transport in Drosophila neurons. To determine the roles of Drp1 and Milton in spermatogenesis, we used the FLP-FRT mitotic recombination system to generate spermatocytes homozygous for mutations in either gene in an otherwise heterozygous background. We found that absence of Drp1 leads to abnormal clustering of mitochondria in mature primary spermatocytes and aberrant unfurling of the mitochondrial derivatives in early Drp1 spermatids undergoing axonemal elongation. In milton spermatocytes, mitochondria are distributed normally; however, after meiosis, the Nebenkern is not strongly anchored to the nucleus, and the mitochondrial derivatives do not elongate properly. Our work defines specific functions for Drp1 and Milton in the anchoring, unfurling, and elongation of mitochondria during sperm formation. PMID: [18690063] 

Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene

Function

Required for kinesin-mediated axonal transport ofmitochondria to nerve terminals. The oocyte acquires the majorityof its mitochondria by competitive bidirectional transport alongmicrotubules mediated by the Milton adapter. Mitochondria enterthe young oocyte en mass from interconnected germ cells togenerate the large aggregate known as the Balbiani body. Milt andMiro form an essential protein complex that links Khc tomitochondria for light chain-independent, anterograde transport ofmitochondria. 

Subcellular Location

Mitochondrion. 

Tissue Specificity

Expressed primarily in axons and synapses. 

Gene Ontology

GO ID	GO term	Evidence
GO:0005739	C:mitochondrion	IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0003777	F:microtubule motor activity	IMP:UniProtKB.
GO:0019896	P:axon transport of mitochondrion	IDA:FlyBase.
GO:0051654	P:establishment of mitochondrion localization	IMP:UniProtKB.
GO:0048311	P:mitochondrion distribution	IMP:FlyBase.
GO:0007287	P:Nebenkern assembly	IMP:FlyBase.
GO:0007310	P:oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification	IMP:UniProtKB.
GO:0030382	P:sperm mitochondrion organization	IMP:FlyBase.

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Interpro

IPR006933;    HAP1_N.
IPR022154;    Traffickng_kinesin-bd_prot_dom.
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Pfam

PF04849;    HAP1_N;    1.
PF12448;    Milton;    1.
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SMART

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PROSITE

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PRINTS

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Created Date

18-Oct-2012 

Record Type

Experiment identified 

Protein sequence Annotation

Nucleotide Sequence

Length: 5242 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA

Protein Sequence

Length: 1122 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA

The verified Protein-Protein interaction information

UniProt	Gene Symbol	Ref Databases
D3DMG1_DROME	lola-RQ	BioGRID
KIF5C_RAT	Kif5c	IntAct
LOLA1_DROME	lola	BioGRID
LOLA2_DROME	lola	BioGRID
LOLA3_DROME	lola	BioGRID
LOLA4_DROME	lola	BioGRID
LOLA5_DROME	lola	BioGRID
LOLA6_DROME	lola	BioGRID
LOLA4_DROME	lola	IntAct
MIRO_DROME	Miro	BioGRID
O18381-1	_	IntAct
PAX6_DROME	ey	BioGRID
Q53XF9_DROME	ey	BioGRID
Q59DQ1_DROME	ey	BioGRID
Q59DQ2_DROME	ey	BioGRID
Q8T8W4_DROME	CG14546	IntAct

Other Protein-Protein interaction resources

String database  

UniProt

Gene Symbol

Ref Databases

View Microarray data

Temporarily unavailable 

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