Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000432 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
6.09  
Molecular Weight
98981 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
PGR 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
NR3C3 
Protein Name
Progesterone receptor 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
PR Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3; 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:11;100900355-101001255;-1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
Progesterone and progesterone receptors (PR) play a crucial role in female reproduction 
The information of related literatures
1. C. Shah, D. Modi, G. Sachdeva, S. Gadkar and C. Puri (2005) Coexistence of intracellular and membrane-bound progesterone receptors in human testis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(1): 474-83. 

Abstract
Progesterone and progesterone receptors (PR) play a crucial role in female reproduction, but their roles in male reproductive physiology are largely unknown. Our previous studies demonstrated the presence of a specific membrane-bound PR in mature human spermatozoa that is known to regulate important sperm functions. The present study was undertaken to determine whether there exist PR in human testis and to investigate their molecular characteristics and expression profiles. PR mRNA and protein were detected in the spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, and occasionally the Leydig cells. PR protein was localized in nucleus and cytoplasm of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, and round spermatids in a stage-specific manner. Intense PR localization was observed in stages IV and V, whereas it was low at stages I, II, and III of spermatogenesis. RT-PCR studies revealed the presence of transcripts for PR in human testis and spermatogenic cells. In accordance with the reported molecular sizes of the known isoforms of PR, two mRNA transcripts of 3.8 and 2.8 kb for PR in adult human testis and spermatogenic cell RNA were detected by Northern blot hybridization. Western blot analysis of testicular and spermatogenic cell lysates revealed two bands of 120 and 90 kDa, corresponding to the conventional PR. In these tissue lysates, an additional band of approximately 55 kDa was detected that was also observed as a single band in sperm lysates, indicating that this smaller protein may correspond to the membrane-bound PR. The membrane-bound PR protein was demonstrated on the spermatogenic cells when probed with progesterone-bound fluorescein conjugate. The results of the present study demonstrate the existence of both intracellular PR-B and PR-A mRNA and protein in the spermatogenic cells of the human testis. A membrane-bound PR was also localized in these cells. The varying levels of intracellular PR during different stages of spermatogenesis and the presence of the membrane-bound PR imply the significance of progesterone in male reproductive events such as regulation of spermatogenesis. PMID: [15509639] 

2. S. Abid, J. Gokral, A. Maitra, P. Meherji, S. Kadam, E. Pires and D. Modi (2008) Altered expression of progesterone receptors in testis of infertile men. Reprod Biomed Online 17(2): 175-84. 

Abstract
Progesterone has been implicated in the process of spermatogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association of progesterone receptor (PR) expression with spermatogenesis in the testis of infertile men. PR mRNA and protein were assessed by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in testicular biopsies obtained from 18 infertile men. The extent of spermatogenesis was assessed by Johnsen scoring. None of the patients included in the study had Yq microdeletions. PR expression was almost undetectable in all the testicular sections displaying Sertoli cell only (SCO) or arrest at spermatogonia. Weak cytoplasmic expression was observed in biopsies showing arrest at different stages of meiosis. In biopsies displaying spermatogenesis up to the round spermatid stages, PR expression was observed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of different cell types at intensity lower than that detected in normal biopsies. Normal PR expression was observed in biopsies demonstrating hypospermatogenesis. In biopsies showing mixed phenotypes, the tubules with SCO or spermatogonia arrest showed absence of PR expression; normal PR expression was observed in adjacent tubules showing complete spermatogenesis. Semi-quantitative assessment of PR expression and Johnsen scores in the testicular biopsies of infertile men demonstrating different phenotypes indicated a direct relationship between PR expression and extent of spermatogenesis. PMID: [18681990] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Function
Isoform A is inactive in stimulating c-Src/MAPKsignaling on hormone stimulation. 
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Subcellular Location
Isoform A: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Mainlynuclear. 
Tissue Specificity
 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0005737 C:cytoplasm IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0005654 C:nucleoplasm TAS:Reactome.
GO:0003677 F:DNA binding TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0043565 F:sequence-specific DNA binding IEA:InterPro.
GO:0003700 F:sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IEA:InterPro.
GO:0005496 F:steroid binding IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0003707 F:steroid hormone receptor activity TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0008270 F:zinc ion binding IEA:InterPro.
GO:0007267 P:cell-cell signaling TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0010629 P:negative regulation of gene expression IEP:UniProtKB.
GO:0006367 P:transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter TAS:Reactome.
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Interpro
IPR008946;    Nucl_hormone_rcpt_ligand-bd.
IPR000536;    Nucl_hrmn_rcpt_lig-bd_core.
IPR000128;    Progest_rcpt.
IPR001723;    Str_hrmn_rcpt.
IPR001628;    Znf_hrmn_rcpt.
IPR013088;    Znf_NHR/GATA.
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Pfam
PF00104;    Hormone_recep;    1.
PF02161;    Prog_receptor;    1.
PF00105;    zf-C4;    1.
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SMART
SM00430;    HOLI;    1.
SM00399;    ZnF_C4;    1.
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PROSITE
PS00031;    NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1;    1.
PS51030;    NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2;    1.
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PRINTS
PR00544;    PROGESTRONER.;   
PR00398;    STRDHORMONER.;   
PR00047;    STROIDFINGER.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
CHAIN         1    933       Progesterone receptor.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000053693.
DNA_BIND    567    639       Nuclear receptor.
ZN_FING     567    587       NR C4-type.
ZN_FING     603    627       NR C4-type.
REGION        1    566       Modulating, Pro-Rich.
REGION      681    933       Steroid-binding.
MOTIF       183    187       Nuclear localization signal (Potential).
MOD_RES      20     20       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES      81     81       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     102    102       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     130    130       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     162    162       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     190    190       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     213    213       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     294    294       Phosphoserine; by MAPK1.
MOD_RES     345    345       Phosphoserine; by MAPK.
MOD_RES     400    400       Phosphoserine; by CDK2.
MOD_RES     676    676       Phosphoserine.
CROSSLNK      7      7       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO).
CROSSLNK    388    388       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO);
                             alternate.
CROSSLNK    388    388       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin);
                             alternate.
CROSSLNK    531    531       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO).
VAR_SEQ       1    164       Missing (in isoform A).
                             /FTId=VSP_003706.
VARIANT      50     50       A -> T (in dbSNP:rs11571143).
                             /FTId=VAR_019221.
VARIANT     120    120       A -> V (in dbSNP:rs11571144).
                             /FTId=VAR_019222.
VARIANT     186    186       P -> L (in dbSNP:rs11571145).
                             /FTId=VAR_019223.
VARIANT     301    301       M -> R (in dbSNP:rs11571146).
                             /FTId=VAR_019224.
VARIANT     344    344       S -> T (in dbSNP:rs3740753).
                             /FTId=VAR_016117.
VARIANT     347    347       C -> S (in dbSNP:rs11571147).
                             /FTId=VAR_025555.
VARIANT     444    444       A -> S (in dbSNP:rs11571150).
                             /FTId=VAR_019225.
VARIANT     529    529       V -> L (in dbSNP:rs11571151).
                             /FTId=VAR_019226.
VARIANT     536    536       Q -> P (in dbSNP:rs11571152).
                             /FTId=VAR_019227.
VARIANT     625    625       R -> I (in dbSNP:rs2020874).
                             /FTId=VAR_014627.
VARIANT     651    651       L -> V (in dbSNP:rs11571222).
                             /FTId=VAR_019228.
VARIANT     660    660       V -> L (in dbSNP:rs1042838).
                             /FTId=VAR_016118.
VARIANT     865    865       S -> L (in dbSNP:rs2020880).
                             /FTId=VAR_014628.
MUTAGEN       7      7       K->R: Some loss of sumoylation; when
                             associated with R-531. Complete loss of
                             sumoylation; when associated with R-388
                             and R-531.
MUTAGEN     294    294       S->A: No effect on interaction with
                             CUEDC2. Impaired progesterone-induced
                             transcriptional activity. No CUEDC2- nor
                             progestin-mediated protein degradation.
                             No change in sumoylation; when associated
                             with A-344 and A-345.
MUTAGEN     294    294       S->D: Decreases protein stability and
                             increases progesterone-induced
                             transcriptional activity.
MUTAGEN     344    344       S->A: No interaction with SP1. No change
                             in progestin-induced protein degradation;
                             when associated with A-345. No change in
                             sumoylation; when associated with A-294
                             and A-345.
MUTAGEN     345    345       S->A: No change in progestin-induced
                             protein degradation; when associated with
                             A-344. No change in sumoylation; when
                             associated with A-294 and A-344.
MUTAGEN     388    388       K->R: Great loss of sumoylation; when
                             associated with R-7. Completely abolishes
                             sumoylation; when associated with R-7 and
                             R-531. Loss of CUEDC2-mediated protein
                             degradation. Increased ligand-dependent
                             transcriptional activity.
MUTAGEN     400    400       S->A: Abolishes CDK2-induced activity in
                             the absence, but not in the presence, of
                             progestin. Delayed nuclear translocation
                             in presence of progestin.
MUTAGEN     531    531       K->R: Some loss of sumoylation; when
                             associated with R-7. Completely abolishes
                             sumoylation; when associated with R-7 and
                             R-388.
CONFLICT    226    226       G -> S (in Ref. 1; CAA36018).
CONFLICT    256    256       V -> S (in Ref. 1; CAA36018).
TURN        568    570
STRAND      576    578
STRAND      581    583
HELIX       585    596
TURN        613    618
HELIX       620    630
HELIX       686    694
HELIX       711    735
HELIX       739    741
HELIX       744    771
STRAND      774    779
STRAND      782    784
HELIX       786    788
HELIX       792    811
HELIX       815    826
STRAND      828    830
HELIX       838    857
HELIX       863    896
HELIX       898    901
HELIX       907    921
STRAND      925    927
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 5003 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 933 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
Gene Symbol Ref Databases
_BioGRID 
ADIPOR1String 
ADIPOR2String 
PRMT2HPRD 
XRCC6HPRD 
BCAS2HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
DAP3BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
CCNA2HPRD 
CSNK2A1HPRD 
CUEDC2BioGRID 
RNF4BioGRID 
DDX54HPRD 
DAP3BioGRID 
FGFR2BioGRID 
NCOR1BioGRID 
Ncoa2BioGRID 
Ncoa2BioGRID 
EP300BioGRID 
NR0B1BioGRID 
FGFR2BioGRID 
FKBP5BioGRID 
GNAI1BioGRID 
Hmgb2DIP 
HSP90AA1DIP 
JDP2MINT 
KLF9BioGRID 
MAPK1BioGRID 
NCOA3BioGRID 
NCOR1BioGRID 
NCOR2BioGRID 
NR0B1BioGRID 
PIAS1DIP 
PIAS2BioGRID 
PIAS3DIP 
POU2F1BioGRID 
POU2F2BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
ADIPOR1String 
ADIPOR2String 
APEX2HPRD 
ARID1ABioGRID 
PRDM2BioGRID 
_HPRD 
CDC25BBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
BATF3HPRD 
CUEDC2HPRD 
APEX2HPRD 
FGFR2BioGRID 
ESR1HPRD 
NR0B1BioGRID 
FGFR2BioGRID 
FKBP5HPRD 
GNAI1BioGRID 
HMGB1BioGRID 
HMGB2HPRD 
JDP2HPRD 
KLF9HPRD 
MAPK1BioGRID 
CDC25BBioGRID 
NCOA1HPRD 
NCOA3HPRD 
NCOR2BioGRID 
NR0B1BioGRID 
PIAS1HPRD 
PIAS3HPRD 
PRDM2BioGRID 
PGRHPRD 
PGRHPRD 
MAPK1BioGRID 
FKBP5HPRD 
MAPK1BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
FKBP5HPRD 
PRDM2BioGRID 
DKFZp686G14213BioGRID 
FGFR2BioGRID 
UBE3ABioGRID 
UBE3ABioGRID 
RBM23HPRD 
RBM39HPRD 
SMARCE1BioGRID 
SMARCD1IntAct 
SNW1HPRD 
SP1BioGRID 
SORBS1HPRD 
SRCHPRD 
STAT5ABioGRID 
STAT5BBioGRID 
RELAHPRD 
TRIM24HPRD 
UBE3AHPRD 
UBR5HPRD 
ZBTB17HPRD 
MAPK1BioGRID 
FKBP5BioGRID 
MAPK1BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
FKBP5BioGRID 
NCOR1BioGRID 
EP300BioGRID 
SMARCA1BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
Ncoa2BioGRID 
Ncoa2BioGRID 
Ncoa2BioGRID 
FGFR2BioGRID 
RNF4BioGRID 
DAP3BioGRID 
SMARCA1BioGRID 
SMARCD1BioGRID 
BCAS2HPRD 
STAT5ABioGRID 
STAT5BBioGRID 
TAF1BBioGRID 
TDGBioGRID 
UBE3ADIP 
XRCC6HPRD 
ZBTB17DIP 
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
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