Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000433 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
6.2  
Molecular Weight
282586 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
U72937; U72938; U72935; U72904; U72905; U72907; U72908; U72909; U72910; U72911; U72912; U72913; U72914; U72915; U72916; U72917; U72918; U72919; U72920; U72921; U72922; U72923; U72924; U72925; U72926; U72927; U72928; U72929; U72930; U72931; U72932; U72933; U72934; U72935; U72904; U72907; U72908; U72909; U72910; U72911; U72912; U72913; U72914; U72915; U72916; U72918; U72919; U72920; U72921; U72922; U72923; U72924; U72925; U72926; U72927; U72928; U72929; U72930; U72931; U72932; U72933; U72934; U72936; U72935; U72908; U72909; U72910; U72911; U72912; U72913; U72914; U72915; U72916; U72917; U72918; U72920; U72921; U72922; U72923; U72924; U72925; U72926; U72927; U72928; U72929; U72930; U72931; U72932; U72933; U72934; U75653; U97103; AF000157; AF000158; AF000159; AF000160; U97080; U97081; U97082; U97083; U97084; U97085; U97086; U97087; U97088; U97089; U97090; U97091; U97092; U97093; U97094; U97095; U97096; U97097; U97098; U97099; U97100; U97101; U97102; AB102641; AB101681; AB101682; AB101683; AB101685; AB101687; AB101689; AB101691; AB101693; AB101695; AB101700; AB101699; AB101698; AB101697; AB101696; AB101694; AB101692; AB101690; AB101688; AB101686; AB101684; AB208928; AB209545; AL121874; AL121874; AL109753; Z84487; Z84487; AL109753; AL121874; Z84487; AL109753; AL121874; AL109753; AL121874; Z84487; AL109753; AL121874; Z84487; CH471104; CH471104; U09820; L34363; X83753;  
Genbank Protein ID
AAB49970.2; AAB49971.2; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40698.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB40699.1; AAB49969.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAB40700.1; AAC51655.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; AAC51657.1; BAC81110.1; BAC80270.1; BAC80271.1; BAC80272.1; BAC80274.1; BAC80276.1; BAC80278.1; BAC80280.1; BAC80282.1; BAC80284.1; BAC80289.1; BAC80288.1; BAC80287.1; BAC80286.1; BAC80285.1; BAC80283.1; BAC80281.1; BAC80279.1; BAC80277.1; BAC80275.1; BAC80273.1; BAD92165.1; BAD92782.1; CAB90351.2; CAI40710.1; CAI40710.1; CAI40710.1; CAI42674.1; CAI42674.1; CAI42674.1; CAI42675.1; CAI42675.1; CAI42675.1; CAI43115.1; CAI43115.1; CAI43115.1; CAI43116.1; CAI43116.1; CAI43116.1; EAW98611.1; EAW98615.1; AAC50069.1; AAA20872.1; CAA58711.1
Gene Name
ATRX 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
RAD54L, XH2 
Protein Name
Transcriptional regulator ATRX 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
EC=3.6.4.12 ATP-dependent helicase ATRX; X-linked helicase II; X-linked nuclear protein;XNP Znf-HX; 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:X;76760378-77041702;-1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
ATRX in humans may play a role in adult spermatogenesis as well as in testicular development. 
The information of related literatures
1. P. Tang, A. Argentaro, A. J. Pask, L. O'Donnell, J. Marshall-Graves, M. Familari and V. R. Harley (2011) Localization of the Chromatin Remodelling Protein, ATRX in the Adult Testis. J Reprod Dev 57(3): 317-21. 

Abstract
Mutations in ATRX (alpha-thalassaemia and mental retardation on the X-chromosome) can give rise to ambiguous or female genitalia in XY males, implying a role for ATRX in testicular development. Studies on ATRX have mainly focused on its crucial role in brain development and alpha-globin regulation; however, little is known about its function in sexual differentiation and its expression in the adult testis. Here we show that the ATRX protein is present in adult human and rat testis and is expressed in the somatic cells; Sertoli, Leydig, and peritubular myoid cells, and also in germ cells; spermatogonia and early meiotic spermatocytes. The granular pattern of ATRX staining is consistent with that observed in other cell-types and suggests a role in chromatin regulation. The findings suggest that ATRX in humans may play a role in adult spermatogenesis as well as in testicular development. PMID: [19444003] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Function
Could be a global transcriptional regulator. Modifiesgene expression by affecting chromatin. May be involved in braindevelopment and facial morphogenesis. 
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Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Note=Associated withpericentromeric heterochromatin during interphase and mitosis,probably by interacting with HP1. 
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0005720 C:nuclear heterochromatin TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0005524 F:ATP binding IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0003682 F:chromatin binding IEA:Compara.
GO:0003677 F:DNA binding IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0003678 F:DNA helicase activity TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0008270 F:zinc ion binding IEA:InterPro.
GO:0006306 P:DNA methylation TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0006310 P:DNA recombination TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0006281 P:DNA repair TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0030900 P:forebrain development IEA:Compara.
GO:0006355 P:regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent TAS:ProtInc.
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Interpro
IPR025766;    ADD.
IPR014001;    Helicase_ATP-bd.
IPR001650;    Helicase_C.
IPR000330;    SNF2_N.
IPR011011;    Znf_FYVE_PHD.
IPR001841;    Znf_RING.
IPR013083;    Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD.
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Pfam
PF00271;    Helicase_C;    1.
PF00176;    SNF2_N;    1.
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SMART
SM00487;    DEXDc;    1.
SM00490;    HELICc;    1.
SM00184;    RING;    1.
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PROSITE
PS51533;    ADD;    1.
PS51192;    HELICASE_ATP_BIND_1;    1.
PS51194;    HELICASE_CTER;    1.
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PRINTS
Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
CHAIN         1   2492       Transcriptional regulator ATRX.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000074301.
DOMAIN      159    296       ADD.
DOMAIN     1581   1768       Helicase ATP-binding.
DOMAIN     2025   2205       Helicase C-terminal.
ZN_FING     170    206       GATA-type; atypical.
ZN_FING     217    272       PHD-type; atypical.
NP_BIND    1594   1601       ATP (Potential).
MOTIF       581    594       PxVxL motif.
MOTIF      1719   1722       DEGH box.
COMPBIAS    745    750       Poly-Ser.
COMPBIAS   1151   1156       Poly-Ser.
COMPBIAS   1166   1169       Poly-Lys.
COMPBIAS   1202   1206       Poly-Ser.
COMPBIAS   1259   1266       Poly-Asp.
COMPBIAS   1443   1466       Poly-Glu.
COMPBIAS   1499   1502       Poly-Glu.
COMPBIAS   1929   1939       Poly-Lys.
COMPBIAS   1941   1948       Poly-Ser.
COMPBIAS   2222   2225       Poly-Lys.
COMPBIAS   2262   2265       Poly-Glu.
COMPBIAS   2420   2425       Poly-Gln.
MOD_RES      34     34       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES      71     71       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES      74     74       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES      87     87       Phosphothreonine.
MOD_RES      89     89       Phosphotyrosine.
MOD_RES      92     92       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     112    112       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     594    594       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     598    598       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     634    634       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     674    674       Phosphothreonine.
MOD_RES     675    675       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     677    677       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     729    729       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     731    731       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     849    849       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     850    850       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     871    871       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     875    875       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     876    876       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     967    967       N6-acetyllysine.
MOD_RES    1061   1061       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES    1348   1348       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES    1352   1352       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES    1527   1527       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES    1991   1991       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES    1992   1992       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES    1996   1996       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES    2220   2220       Phosphoserine.
VAR_SEQ       1    204       Missing (in isoform 1).
                             /FTId=VSP_000575.
VAR_SEQ       1    117       Missing (in isoform 2 and isoform 5).
                             /FTId=VSP_000574.
VAR_SEQ     124    162       Missing (in isoform 6).
                             /FTId=VSP_015499.
VAR_SEQ     124    161       Missing (in isoform 3 and isoform 5).
                             /FTId=VSP_000576.
VAR_SEQ     573    601       Missing (in isoform 6).
                             /FTId=VSP_015500.
VAR_SEQ    1419   2492       Missing (in isoform 6).
                             /FTId=VSP_015501.
VARIANT     175    175       G -> E (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012113.
VARIANT     178    198       Missing (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012114.
VARIANT     179    179       N -> S (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012115.
VARIANT     190    190       P -> A (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001226.
VARIANT     190    190       P -> L (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012116.
VARIANT     190    190       P -> S (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012117.
VARIANT     192    192       L -> F (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001227.
VARIANT     194    194       V -> I (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012118.
VARIANT     200    200       C -> S (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001228.
VARIANT     219    219       Q -> P (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012119.
VARIANT     220    220       C -> R (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001229.
VARIANT     220    220       C -> Y (in MRXSHF1).
                             /FTId=VAR_032625.
VARIANT     222    222       W -> S (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001230.
VARIANT     243    243       C -> F (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001231.
VARIANT     246    246       R -> C (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001232.
VARIANT     246    246       R -> L (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_010914.
VARIANT     249    249       G -> C (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012120.
VARIANT     249    249       G -> D (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001233.
VARIANT     409    409       L -> S (in MRXSHF1).
                             /FTId=VAR_032626.
VARIANT     545    545       Q -> E (in dbSNP:rs35738915).
                             /FTId=VAR_055939.
VARIANT     596    596       S -> P (in dbSNP:rs1051678).
                             /FTId=VAR_016914.
VARIANT     740    740       E -> G (in dbSNP:rs1051680).
                             /FTId=VAR_016915.
VARIANT     929    929       Q -> E (in dbSNP:rs3088074).
                             /FTId=VAR_023438.
VARIANT    1538   1538       V -> G (in ATRX; unknown pathological
                             significance).
                             /FTId=VAR_012121.
VARIANT    1552   1552       V -> F (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012122.
VARIANT    1609   1609       H -> R (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001234.
VARIANT    1614   1614       C -> R (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001235.
VARIANT    1621   1621       T -> M (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_016916.
VARIANT    1645   1645       L -> S (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012123.
VARIANT    1650   1650       K -> N (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001236.
VARIANT    1713   1713       P -> S (in ATRX; without alpha-
                             thalassemia).
                             /FTId=VAR_012124.
VARIANT    1742   1742       R -> K (in ATRX; atypical; patients
                             presents spastic paraplegia at birth).
                             /FTId=VAR_012125.
VARIANT    1847   1847       Y -> C (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_012126.
VARIANT    1860   1860       N -> S (rare polymorphism;
                             dbSNP:rs45439799).
                             /FTId=VAR_001237.
VARIANT    2035   2035       D -> V (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001238.
VARIANT    2050   2050       I -> T (in MRXSHF1; originally reported
                             as Carpenter-Waziri syndrome).
                             /FTId=VAR_012127.
VARIANT    2084   2084       Y -> H (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001239.
VARIANT    2131   2131       R -> Q (in MRXSHF1; originally reported
                             as Juberg-Marsidi syndrome).
                             /FTId=VAR_001240.
VARIANT    2163   2163       Y -> C (in ATRX).
                             /FTId=VAR_001241.
VARIANT    2271   2271       R -> G (in MRXSHF1).
                             /FTId=VAR_032627.
CONFLICT    879    879       A -> R (in Ref. 7; AAC50069).
CONFLICT   1286   1286       S -> P (in Ref. 4; BAD92165).
CONFLICT   1627   1627       P -> L (in Ref. 7; AAC50069).
CONFLICT   1632   1632       L -> F (in Ref. 7; AAC50069).
CONFLICT   2280   2280       A -> G (in Ref. 7; AAC50069).
CONFLICT   2283   2284       KG -> RV (in Ref. 7; AAC50069).
CONFLICT   2436   2436       L -> H (in Ref. 7; AAC50069).
CONFLICT   2442   2442       P -> R (in Ref. 7; AAC50069).
TURN        172    174
STRAND      176    178
TURN        179    181
TURN        183    185
STRAND      186    188
TURN        190    192
STRAND      195    197
HELIX       198    206
STRAND      210    212
TURN        213    215
STRAND      217    219
TURN        221    223
STRAND      227    231
STRAND      233    236
STRAND      238    240
HELIX       241    247
HELIX       250    256
STRAND      258    261
TURN        266    268
HELIX       271    273
HELIX       274    284
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 10330 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 2492 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
Gene Symbol Ref Databases
ATN1HPRD 
RAD51HPRD 
H3F3ABioGRID 
_BioGRID 
CBX5BioGRID 
DAXXBioGRID 
EZH2BioGRID 
FAM190BHPRD 
HIST1H3ABioGRID 
H3F3ABioGRID 
KIAA1377HPRD 
LUC7L2HPRD 
MMS4BioGRID 
MUS81BioGRID 
PTPN4HPRD 
PTNHPRD 
_BioGRID 
RAD51HPRD 
RAD51BioGRID 
SMC1ABioGRID 
RAD51BioGRID 
_HPRD 
CBX5BioGRID 
DAXXBioGRID 
EZH2HPRD 
FAM190BIntAct 
H3F3AIntAct 
HDAC1HPRD 
HDAC4HPRD 
EIF4A2BioGRID 
KIAA1377IntAct 
LUC7L2IntAct 
Mecp2BioGRID 
NEK1HPRD 
PTPN4IntAct 
PTNIntAct 
_BioGRID 
SVILHPRD 
HDAC1HPRD 
RAD51BioGRID 
HDAC4HPRD 
RAD51BioGRID 
SUMO2BioGRID 
SVILMINT 
SVILHPRD 
ZNF512BMINT 
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
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