SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000453 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
7.67  
Molecular Weight
31431 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
AQP9 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
SSC1 
Protein Name
Aquaporin-9 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
AQP-9 Aquaglyceroporin-9; Small solute channel 1; 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:15;58430368-58478110;1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
Aquaporin-9 (AQP-9) regulates tissue hydration by promoting transmembrane exchanges of both water and solutes. 
The information of related literatures
1. S. Arena, F. Arena, D. Maisano, V. Di Benedetto, C. Romeo and P. A. Nicotina (2011) Aquaporin-9 immunohistochemistry in varicocele testes as a consequence of hypoxia in the sperm production site. Andrologia 43(1): 34-7. 

Abstract
Aquaporin-9 (AQP-9) regulates tissue hydration by promoting transmembrane exchanges of both water and solutes, such as lactate. The latter is a key metabolite of primary spermatocytes and of maturing haploid germ cells (h-GCs). The present investigation was aimed at immunolocalising human AQP-9 in both normal and varicocele testes. Histology and immmunocytochemistry were investigated in archival biopsies from 20 varicocele testes and in eight unaffected ones. AQP-9 immunostaining was performed using a rabbit antibody, and either focal or diffuse cell membrane labelling was recorded. Varicocele testes showed disarranged tubular compartments, with sloughing h-GCs, tissue hyperhydration, spermiogenesis failure and fibrosis. AQP-9 immunohistology of the control testes showed a diffuse cell membrane staining of the primary spermatocytes and h-GCs, without any positive reaction of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. AQP-9 cell expression in the varicocele testes was focal or lacking in both adluminal and sloughing GCs. AQP-9 expression occurs in normal human testis, at cell membrane of primary spermatocytes and h-GCs, suggesting a possible role of AQP-9 in the water and lactate transport from Sertoli cells to GCs. AQP-9 is focal or lacking in adolescent varicocele testes, and this suggests AQP-9 to be downregulated in such testicular disorder, leading to lactate deprivation with subsequent hypospermatogenesis. PMID: [21219380] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: S. Arena, F. Arena, D. Maisano, V. Di Benedetto, C. Romeo and P. A. Nicotina (2011) Aquaporin-9 immunohistochemistry in varicocele testes as a consequence of hypoxia in the sperm production site. Andrologia 43(1): 34-7. PMID: [21219380]
Ref: S. Arena, F. Arena, D. Maisano, V. Di Benedetto, C. Romeo and P. A. Nicotina (2011) Aquaporin-9 immunohistochemistry in varicocele testes as a consequence of hypoxia in the sperm production site. Andrologia 43(1): 34-7. PMID: [21219380]
Function
Forms a channel with a broad specificity. Mediatespassage of a wide variety of non-charged solutes includingcarbamides, polyols, purines, and pyrimidines in a phloretin- andmercury-sensitive manner, whereas amino acids, cyclic sugars,Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), and deprotonated monocarboxylates areexcluded. Also permeable to urea and glycerol. 
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Subcellular Location
Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. 
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in peripheral leukocytes.Also expressed in liver, lung, and spleen. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0016323 C:basolateral plasma membrane IEA:Compara.
GO:0005887 C:integral to plasma membrane TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0043231 C:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005792 C:microsome IEA:Compara.
GO:0005275 F:amine transmembrane transporter activity TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0046943 F:carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0015254 F:glycerol channel activity EXP:Reactome.
GO:0015288 F:porin activity NAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0005345 F:purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005350 F:pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0015250 F:water channel activity IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0015722 P:canalicular bile acid transport IEA:Compara.
GO:0071320 P:cellular response to cAMP IEP:UniProtKB.
GO:0007588 P:excretion TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0006955 P:immune response TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0008152 P:metabolic process TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0046689 P:response to mercury ion IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0006970 P:response to osmotic stress TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0030104 P:water homeostasis NAS:UniProtKB.
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Interpro
IPR023271;    Aquaporin-like.
IPR015685;    Aquaporin_9.
IPR000425;    MIP.
IPR022357;    MIP_CS.
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Pfam
PF00230;    MIP;    1.
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SMART
PROSITE
PS00221;    MIP;    1.
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PRINTS
PR02021;    AQUAPORIN9.;   
PR00783;    MINTRINSICP.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
CHAIN         1    295       Aquaporin-9.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000063964.
TOPO_DOM      1     29       Cytoplasmic (Potential).
TRANSMEM     30     50       Helical; (Potential).
TOPO_DOM     51     54       Extracellular (Potential).
TRANSMEM     55     75       Helical; (Potential).
TOPO_DOM     76    110       Cytoplasmic (Potential).
TRANSMEM    111    131       Helical; (Potential).
TOPO_DOM    132    158       Extracellular (Potential).
TRANSMEM    159    179       Helical; (Potential).
TOPO_DOM    180    189       Cytoplasmic (Potential).
TRANSMEM    190    210       Helical; (Potential).
TOPO_DOM    211    245       Extracellular (Potential).
TRANSMEM    246    266       Helical; (Potential).
TOPO_DOM    267    295       Cytoplasmic (Potential).
MOTIF        84     86       NPA 1.
MOTIF       216    218       NPA 2.
MOD_RES     222    222       Phosphoserine.
VARIANT     279    279       T -> A (in dbSNP:rs1867380).
                             /FTId=VAR_024538.
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 2878 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 295 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
 Gene Symbol Ref Databases
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
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