SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000461 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
8.37  
Molecular Weight
21029 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
PTGDS 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
PDS 
Protein Name
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
EC=5.3.99.2 Beta-trace protein; Cerebrin-28; Glutathione-independent PGD synthase; Lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase; Prostaglandin-D2 synthase;PGD2 synthasePGDSPGDS2Flags: Precursor 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:9;139871956-139879887;1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
We describe (a) PGD2 synthetases, as well as receptors for PGD2 (DP) in testicular interstitial cells of men suffering from spermatogenic damage and infertility, and report that (b) PGD2 is produced by and can affect Leydig cells of an animal model, which expresses testicular COX2 and DP. 
The information of related literatures
1. C. Schell, M. B. Frungieri, M. Albrecht, S. I. Gonzalez-Calvar, F. M. Kohn, R. S. Calandra and A. Mayerhofer (2007) A prostaglandin D2 system in the human testis. Fertil Steril 88(1): 233-6. 

Abstract
As shown recently, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), the inducible key enzyme for the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthetic pathway, is abundantly present in interstitial cells of testes of men suffering from different forms of impaired spermatogenesis and sub- or infertility, but it is absent in human testes with normal spermatogenesis. Although the spectrum of the downstream products of COX2 action in testis, namely PGs, and their effects are not known, our results show that Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) likely plays a role. We describe (a) PGD2 synthetases, as well as receptors for PGD2 (DP) in testicular interstitial cells of men suffering from spermatogenic damage and infertility, and report that (b) PGD2 is produced by and can affect Leydig cells of an animal model, which expresses testicular COX2 and DP. PMID: [17307169] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Function
Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, aprostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation anda potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a varietyof CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-inducedallodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role inoligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules,including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid andthyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmfulhydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroidhormone transporter. Possibly involved in development andmaintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humorand blood-testis barrier. It is likely to play important roles inboth maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system andmale reproductive system. 
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Subcellular Location
Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleusmembrane. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region.Secreted. Note=Detected on rough endoplasmic reticulum ofarachnoid and menigioma cells. Localized to the nuclear envelope,Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles and spherical cytoplasmicstructures in arachnoid trabecular cells, and to circularcytoplasmic structures in meningeal macrophages and perivascularmicroglial cells. In oligodendrocytes, localized to the roughendoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. In retinal pigmentepithelial cells, localized to distinct cytoplasmic domainsincluding the perinuclear region. Also secreted. 
Tissue Specificity
Abundant in the brain and CNS, where it isexpressed in tissues of the blood-brain barrier and secreted intothe cerebro-spinal fluid. Abundantly expressed in the heart. Inthe male reproductive system, it is expressed in the testis,epididymis and prostate, and is secreted into the seminal fluid.Expressed in the eye and secreted into the aqueous humor. Lowerlevels detected in various tissue fluids such as serum, normalurine, ascitic fluid and tear fluid. Also found in a number ofother organs including ovary, fimbriae of the fallopian tubes,kidney, leukocytes. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0005615 C:extracellular space IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005794 C:Golgi apparatus ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0031965 C:nuclear membrane IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0048471 C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0005791 C:rough endoplasmic reticulum IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005504 F:fatty acid binding IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0004667 F:prostaglandin-D synthase activity IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005501 F:retinoid binding ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0036094 F:small molecule binding IEA:InterPro.
GO:0005215 F:transporter activity ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0001516 P:prostaglandin biosynthetic process IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0045187 P:regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0051384 P:response to glucocorticoid stimulus IEA:Compara.
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Interpro
IPR012674;    Calycin.
IPR011038;    Calycin-like.
IPR002345;    Lipocalin.
IPR022272;    Lipocalin_CS.
IPR000566;    Lipocln_cytosolic_FA-bd_dom.
IPR002972;    PstgldnD_synth.
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Pfam
PF00061;    Lipocalin;    1.
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SMART
PROSITE
PS00213;    LIPOCALIN;    1.
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PRINTS
PR00179;    LIPOCALIN.;   
PR01254;    PGNDSYNTHASE.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
SIGNAL        1     22
CHAIN        23    190       Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000017945.
ACT_SITE     65     65       Nucleophile.
CARBOHYD     51     51       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex).
CARBOHYD     78     78       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex).
DISULFID     89    186       By similarity.
VARIANT      56     56       R -> Q (in dbSNP:rs11552179).
                             /FTId=VAR_004273.
MUTAGEN      59     59       K->A: Increases enzyme activity about
                             two-fold.
MUTAGEN      64     64       M->A: Reduces enzyme activity almost ten-
                             fold.
MUTAGEN      65     65       C->A: Loss of enzyme activity.
MUTAGEN      79     79       L->A: Reduces enzyme activity over ten-
                             fold.
MUTAGEN      83     83       F->A: Reduces enzyme activity about five-
                             fold.
MUTAGEN     131    131       L->A: Reduces enzyme activity almost ten-
                             fold.
MUTAGEN     149    149       Y->A: Increases enzyme activity about
                             two-fold.
CONFLICT     25     25       E -> P (in Ref. 18; AA sequence).
CONFLICT     33     33       N -> L (in Ref. 17; AA sequence).
HELIX        36     39
STRAND       41     51
HELIX        53     60
STRAND       62     71
STRAND       75     85
STRAND       88     98
STRAND      104    108
TURN        110    113
STRAND      115    123
STRAND      125    138
HELIX       139    142
STRAND      144    154
HELIX       157    169
HELIX       174    176
STRAND      177    179
STRAND      184    186
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 190 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
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