SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000546 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
5  
Molecular Weight
22123 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
RHOB 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
ARH6, ARHB 
Protein Name
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
Rho cDNA clone 6;h6Flags: Precursor 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:2;20646835-20649200;1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
The involvement of RhoB in the process of spermatogenesis in human and their possible therapeutic ramifications in testicular infertility are open for further investigations. 
The information of related literatures
1. M. A. Adly and M. R. Hussein (2010) Immunohistological profile of the Ras homologous B protein (RhoB) in human testes showing normal spermatogenesis, spermatogenic arrest and Sertoli cell only syndrome. Pathol Oncol Res 16(3): 427-33. 

Abstract
Ras homologous B protein (RhoB) belongs to the Ras homologous subfamily which consists of low molecular weight (21 kDa) GTP-binding proteins. Rho proteins are regulatory molecules associated with various kinases and as such they mediate changes in cell shape, contractility, motility and gene expression. To date, no data are available about the expression pattern of RhoB protein in the human testis showing normal and abnormal spermatogenesis. The present study addresses these issues. Human testicular biopsy specimens were obtained from patients suffering from post-testicular infertility (testis showing normal spermatogenesis, 10 cases) and testicular infertility (testis showing Sertoli cell only syndrome and spermatogenic arrest, 10 patients each). The expression of RhoB was examined using in situ immunofluorescent staining methods. In testes showing normal spermatogenesis, RhoB had a strong expression in the seminiferous epithelium (cytoplasm of Sertoli-cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes) and in the interstitium (Leydig cells). RhoB expression was weak in the myofibroblasts and absent in the spermatids and sperms. In the testes showing abnormal spermatogenesis, RhoB expression was moderate in the seminiferous epithelium (cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes) and was completely absent in the Leydig cells, myofibroblasts, spermatids and sperms. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first morphological indication that RhoB protein is expressed in human testis and its expression undergoes testicular infertility associated changes. These findings suggest the involvement of RhoB in the process of spermatogenesis in human and their possible therapeutic ramifications in testicular infertility are open for further investigations. PMID: [19997872] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Function
Mediates apoptosis in neoplastically transformed cellsafter DNA damage. Not essential for development but affects celladhesion and growth factor signaling in transformed cells. Plays anegative role in tumorigenesis as deletion causes tumor formation.Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number ofproteins. Targets PKN1 to endosomes and is involved in traffickingof the EGF receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. Alsorequired for stability and nuclear trafficking of AKT1/AKT whichpromotes endothelial cell survival during vascular development.Serves as a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for themyosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis.Required for genotoxic stress-induced cell death in breast cancercells. 
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Subcellular Location
Late endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor. Cellmembrane; Lipid-anchor. Nucleus. Cleavage furrow. Note=Lateendosomal membrane (geranylgeranylated form). Plasma membrane(farnesylated form). Also detected at the nuclear margin and inthe nucleus. Translocates to the equatorial region before furrowformation in a ECT2-dependent manner. 
Tissue Specificity
 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0032154 C:cleavage furrow IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005829 C:cytosol TAS:Reactome.
GO:0010008 C:endosome membrane IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0031902 C:late endosome membrane IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0005624 C:membrane fraction IEA:Compara.
GO:0005634 C:nucleus ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0005886 C:plasma membrane IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0005625 C:soluble fraction IEA:Compara.
GO:0019003 F:GDP binding IEA:Compara.
GO:0005525 F:GTP binding TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0003924 F:GTPase activity TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0001525 P:angiogenesis IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0007411 P:axon guidance TAS:Reactome.
GO:0007155 P:cell adhesion ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0033205 P:cell cycle cytokinesis IMP:UniProtKB.
GO:0070301 P:cellular response to hydrogen peroxide IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0071479 P:cellular response to ionizing radiation IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0008333 P:endosome to lysosome transport IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0045786 P:negative regulation of cell cycle ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0030168 P:platelet activation TAS:Reactome.
GO:0045766 P:positive regulation of angiogenesis ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0043065 P:positive regulation of apoptotic process IMP:UniProtKB.
GO:0015031 P:protein transport IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0051056 P:regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS:Reactome.
GO:0007266 P:Rho protein signal transduction TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0006927 P:transformed cell apoptotic process ISS:UniProtKB.
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Interpro
IPR005225;    Small_GTP-bd_dom.
IPR001806;    Small_GTPase.
IPR003578;    Small_GTPase_Rho.
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Pfam
PF00071;    Ras;    1.
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SMART
SM00174;    RHO;    1.
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PROSITE
PS51420;    RHO;    1.
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PRINTS
PR00449;    RASTRNSFRMNG.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
CHAIN         1    193       Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000030417.
PROPEP      194    196       Removed in mature form.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000030418.
NP_BIND      12     19       GTP (By similarity).
NP_BIND      59     63       GTP (By similarity).
NP_BIND     117    120       GTP (By similarity).
MOTIF        34     42       Effector region (Potential).
MOD_RES      41     41       ADP-ribosylasparagine; by botulinum toxin
                             (By similarity).
MOD_RES     154    154       Phosphotyrosine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     193    193       Cysteine methyl ester.
LIPID       189    189       S-palmitoyl cysteine.
LIPID       192    192       S-palmitoyl cysteine.
LIPID       193    193       S-farnesyl cysteine; in plasma membrane
                             form.
LIPID       193    193       S-geranylgeranyl cysteine; in endosomal
                             form.
MUTAGEN      14     14       G->V: No effect on internalization of EGF
                             receptor but decreases trafficking of
                             receptor to the lysosome with associated
                             accumulation in late endosomes.
MUTAGEN      39     39       F->G: Abolishes binding to PKN1 and
                             trafficking of EGF receptor.
MUTAGEN     189    189       C->S: No effect on prenylation. Reduced
                             palmitoylation. Abolishes palmitoylation;
                             when associated with S-192.
MUTAGEN     192    192       C->S: Reduced geranylgeranylation but no
                             effect on farnesylation. Reduced
                             palmitoylation. Abolishes palmitoylation;
                             when associated with S-189.
MUTAGEN     193    193       C->S: Abolishes methylation,
                             palmitoylation and prenylation.
MUTAGEN     194    194       K->L: No effect on palmitoylation or
                             prenylation.
STRAND        4     12
HELIX        18     27
STRAND       41     48
STRAND       51     59
TURN         67     69
HELIX        70     73
STRAND       79     85
HELIX        89     97
HELIX        99    106
STRAND      112    117
HELIX       119    123
HELIX       125    133
HELIX       141    150
STRAND      154    158
TURN        161    163
HELIX       167    179
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 591 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 196 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
 Gene Symbol Ref Databases
ARHGEF3HPRD 
PPP2CAHPRD 
TNFAIP1IntAct 
CITBioGRID 
EIF1BIntAct 
FBN1IntAct 
FBXO42IntAct 
FNTAHPRD 
FntaIntAct 
ARHGDIAIntAct 
ARHGDIGHPRD 
INSRMINT 
NME2IntAct 
NGEFIntAct 
NQO2IntAct 
PDE6DHPRD 
PGGT1BHPRD 
PPP2CAHPRD 
PPIGIntAct 
PRAF2IntAct 
PTPN1MINT 
PDE6DHPRD 
ARHGEF1IntAct 
ARHGEF3BioGRID 
TNFAIP1IntAct 
KCTD10IntAct 
CITBioGRID 
DUTIntAct 
ARHGDIGBioGRID 
MAP1AIntAct 
NEK2IntAct 
RHPN2BioGRID 
PHGDHIntAct 
SERTAD1IntAct 
RHPN2HPRD 
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
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