SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000562 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
5.97  
Molecular Weight
22326 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
IL18 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
IGIF, IL1F4 
Protein Name
Interleukin-18 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
IL-18 Iboctadekin; Interferon gamma-inducing factor;IFN-gamma-inducing factor Interleukin-1 gamma;IL-1 gammaFlags: Precursor 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:11;112013974-112034840;-1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
The presence of this cytokine in somatic as well as in different types of germ cells may suggest its involvement in the regulation of the spermatogenic process and steroidogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. 
The information of related literatures
1. A. Komsky, M. Huleihel, M. Ganaiem, E. Kasterstein, D. Komorovsky, O. Bern, A. Raziel, S. Friedler, R. Ron-El and D. Strassburger (2011) Presence of IL-18 in testicular tissue of fertile and infertile men. Andrologia (): . 

Abstract
Recently, IL-18 was identified in human testes. Moreover, an inverse correlation was found between the levels of IL-18 and the number and motility of spermatozoa. We examined the presence of IL-18 protein in normal and impaired spermatogenesis. Testicular tissue specimens were taken from 25 nonobstructive azoospermic patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction and from autopsies of three healthy controls. The presence of IL-18 in human testicular cells was examined by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections, using a specific antibody for human IL-18. In testicular tissue of healthy controls as well as in study cases, presence of IL-18 was identified in somatic, mitotic, meiotic and post-meiotic cells in correlation with their presence. In all patients, Leydig cells were less intensively stained. Mitotic cells were immunostained in the control group and less intensively in hypospermatogenesis and maturation arrest subgroups. Primary spermatocytes were in general most efficiently stained. The expression of IL-18 mRNA (as examined by real-time PCR analysis) showed significantly lower expression in testicular tissues with impaired spermatogenesis when compared to normal tissues. We report the first study demonstrating the presence of IL-18 in human testicular tissue at the protein level. The presence of this cytokine in somatic as well as in different types of germ cells may suggest its involvement in the regulation of the spermatogenic process and steroidogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. PMID: [21615452] 

Back to Top
Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: A. Komsky, M. Huleihel, M. Ganaiem, E. Kasterstein, D. Komorovsky, O. Bern, A. Raziel, S. Friedler, R. Ron-El and D. Strassburger (2011) Presence of IL-18 in testicular tissue of fertile and infertile men. Andrologia (): . PMID: [21615452]
Function
Augments natural killer cell activity in spleen cellsand stimulates interferon gamma production in T-helper type Icells. 
Back to Top
Subcellular Location
Secreted. 
Tissue Specificity
 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0016324 C:apical plasma membrane IEA:Compara.
GO:0005829 C:cytosol TAS:Reactome.
GO:0005576 C:extracellular region TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0005615 C:extracellular space IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0001525 P:angiogenesis IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0007267 P:cell-cell signaling TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0071320 P:cellular response to cAMP IEA:Compara.
GO:0070301 P:cellular response to hydrogen peroxide IEA:Compara.
GO:0071346 P:cellular response to interferon-gamma IEA:Compara.
GO:0071260 P:cellular response to mechanical stimulus IEA:Compara.
GO:0071407 P:cellular response to organic cyclic compound IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0071374 P:cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus IEA:Compara.
GO:0071375 P:cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus IEA:Compara.
GO:0071356 P:cellular response to tumor necrosis factor IEA:Compara.
GO:0042033 P:chemokine biosynthetic process TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0050966 P:detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain IEA:Compara.
GO:0048546 P:digestive tract morphogenesis IEA:Compara.
GO:0042253 P:granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0006954 P:inflammatory response IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0042095 P:interferon-gamma biosynthetic process TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0042231 P:interleukin-13 biosynthetic process TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0042094 P:interleukin-2 biosynthetic process TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0031663 P:lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0030324 P:lung development IEA:Compara.
GO:0000165 P:MAPK cascade IMP:UniProtKB.
GO:0001649 P:osteoblast differentiation IEA:Compara.
GO:0042104 P:positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0032722 P:positive regulation of chemokine production IEA:Compara.
GO:0032967 P:positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0010628 P:positive regulation of gene expression IEA:Compara.
GO:0032725 P:positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0050729 P:positive regulation of inflammatory response IC:BHF-UCL.
GO:0032729 P:positive regulation of interferon-gamma production IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0032731 P:positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production IEA:Compara.
GO:0032740 P:positive regulation of interleukin-17 production IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0032757 P:positive regulation of interleukin-8 production IEA:Compara.
GO:2000256 P:positive regulation of male germ cell proliferation IEA:Compara.
GO:0032819 P:positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0043525 P:positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0051142 P:positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0032930 P:positive regulation of superoxide anion generation IEA:Compara.
GO:0034105 P:positive regulation of tissue remodeling IC:BHF-UCL.
GO:0032760 P:positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production IEA:Compara.
GO:0043117 P:positive regulation of vascular permeability IEA:Compara.
GO:0060312 P:regulation of blood vessel remodeling IEA:Compara.
GO:0030155 P:regulation of cell adhesion IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0009409 P:response to cold IEA:Compara.
GO:0055093 P:response to hyperoxia IEA:Compara.
GO:0001666 P:response to hypoxia IEA:Compara.
GO:0009314 P:response to radiation IEA:Compara.
GO:0030431 P:sleep ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0042088 P:T-helper 1 type immune response IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0042092 P:type 2 immune response TAS:UniProtKB.
Back to Top
Interpro
IPR008996;    Cytokine_IL1-like.
IPR000975;    Interleukin_1.
IPR015529;    Interleukin_18.
Back to Top
Pfam
PF00340;    IL1;    1.
Back to Top
SMART
SM00125;    IL1;    1.
Back to Top
PROSITE
PRINTS
PR01933;    INTRLEUKIN18.;   
Back to Top
Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
PROPEP        1     36       By similarity.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000015343.
CHAIN        37    193       Interleukin-18.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000015344.
CONFLICT     66     66       F -> L (in Ref. 2; AAC27787).
CONFLICT     86     86       S -> R (in Ref. 2; AAC27787).
CONFLICT    191    191       N -> S (in Ref. 2; AAC27787).
STRAND       42     49
STRAND       55     58
STRAND       64     67
HELIX        71     76
TURN         77     81
STRAND       83     91
TURN         92     94
STRAND       95    111
HELIX       113    115
STRAND      118    121
STRAND      126    131
STRAND      137    142
STRAND      145    156
STRAND      159    166
STRAND      169    176
HELIX       183    185
STRAND      187    191
Back to Top
Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 1102 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 193 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
Temporarily unavailable 
Comments