Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000587 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
9.94  
Molecular Weight
126997 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
TERT 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
EST2, TCS1, TRT 
Protein Name
Telomerase reverse transcriptase 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
EC=2.7.7.49 HEST2; Telomerase catalytic subunit; Telomerase-associated protein 2;TP2 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:5;1253262-1295184;-1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
Although both survivin and hTERT are correlated with spermatogenic function, they show different expression patterns in testes of infertile patients. These findings substantiate results from studies in the rodent testis suggesting a predominant expression of survivin in meiotically dividing germ cells. 
The information of related literatures
1. S. Weikert, F. Christoph, W. Schulze, H. Krause, C. Kempkensteffen, M. Schostak, K. Miller and M. Schrader (2006) Testicular expression of survivin and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) associated with spermatogenic function in infertile patients. Asian J Androl 8(1): 95-100. 

Abstract
AIM PMID: [16372125] 

2. M. Schrader, M. Muller, R. Heicappell, H. Krause, W. Schulze and K. Miller (2000) Telomerase activity and expression of telomerase subunits in the testicular tissue of infertile patients. Fertil Steril 73(4): 706-11. 

Abstract
OBJECTIVE PMID: [10731529] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Function
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential forthe replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Activein progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, innormal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromeraseholoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation oftelomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simplesequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequencewithin the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6-nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5'-TTAGGG-3'. The catalyticcycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release ofproduct once the template boundary has been reached or nascentproduct translocation followed by further extension. More activeon substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomeraseactivity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerasecomplex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers.Modulates Wnt signaling. Plays important roles in aging andantiapoptosis. 
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Subcellular Location
Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm.Nucleus. Chromosome, telomere. Cytoplasm. Nucleus, PML body.Note=Shuttling between nuclear and cytoplasm depends on cellcycle, phosphorylation states, transformation and DNA damage.Diffuse localization in the nucleoplasm. Enriched in nucleoli ofcertain cell types. Translocated to the cytoplasm via nuclearpores in a CRM1/RAN-dependent manner involving oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation at Tyr-707. Dephosphorylation at thissite by SHP2 retains TERT in the nucleus. Translocated to thenucleus by phosphorylation by AKT. 
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at a high level in thymocytesubpopulations, at an intermediate level in tonsil T-lymphocytes,and at a low to undetectable level in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0005737 C:cytoplasm IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0000783 C:nuclear telomere cap complex IC:BHF-UCL.
GO:0005730 C:nucleolus IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0005654 C:nucleoplasm IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0016605 C:PML body IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0005697 C:telomerase holoenzyme complex IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0046872 F:metal ion binding IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0042162 F:telomeric DNA binding TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0070034 F:telomeric RNA binding IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0003721 F:telomeric template RNA reverse transcriptase activity TAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0006916 P:anti-apoptosis IMP:BHF-UCL.
GO:0022616 P:DNA strand elongation IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0090399 P:replicative senescence IMP:BHF-UCL.
GO:0032203 P:telomere formation via telomerase IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0007004 P:telomere maintenance via telomerase IMP:BHF-UCL.
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Interpro
IPR000477;    RVT.
IPR021891;    Telomerase_RBD.
IPR003545;    Telomerase_RT.
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Pfam
PF00078;    RVT_1;    1.
PF12009;    Telomerase_RBD;    1.
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SMART
SM00975;    Telomerase_RBD;    1.
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PROSITE
PS50878;    RT_POL;    1.
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PRINTS
PR01365;    TELOMERASERT.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
CHAIN         1   1132       Telomerase reverse transcriptase.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000054925.
DOMAIN      605    935       Reverse transcriptase.
REGION        1    230       RNA-interacting domain 1.
REGION       58    197       GQ motif.
REGION      137    141       Required for regulating specificity for
                             telomeric DNA and for processivity for
                             primer elongation.
REGION      231    324       Linker.
REGION      301    538       Required for oligomerization.
REGION      325    550       RNA-interacting domain 2.
REGION      376    521       QFP motif.
REGION      397    417       CP motif.
REGION      914    928       Required for oligomerization.
REGION      930    934       Primer grip sequence.
REGION      936   1132       CTE.
METAL       712    712       Magnesium; catalytic (By similarity).
METAL       868    868       Magnesium; catalytic (By similarity).
METAL       869    869       Magnesium; catalytic (By similarity).
SITE        169    169       Required for optimal binding of telomeric
                             ssDNA and incorporation of nucleotides at
                             the second position of the template.
SITE        867    867       Required for nucleotide incorporation and
                             primer extension rate.
MOD_RES     707    707       Phosphotyrosine; by SRC-type Tyr-kinases.
MOD_RES    1113   1113       Phosphothreonine.
MOD_RES    1125   1125       Phosphoserine.
VAR_SEQ     764    807       STLTDLQPYMRQFVAHLQETSPLRDAVVIEQSSSLNEASSG
                             LFD -> LRPVPGDPAGLHPLHAALQPVLRRHGEQAVCGDS
                             AGRAAPAFGG (in isoform 2).
                             /FTId=VSP_019587.
VAR_SEQ     808   1132       Missing (in isoform 2).
                             /FTId=VSP_019588.
VAR_SEQ     885    947       Missing (in isoform 3).
                             /FTId=VSP_021727.
VARIANT      55     55       L -> Q (in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
                             susceptibility; impaired telomerase
                             activity).
                             /FTId=VAR_062535.
VARIANT      65     65       P -> A (associated with acute myeloid
                             leukemia).
                             /FTId=VAR_062780.
VARIANT     202    202       A -> T (in AA; severe and moderate;
                             shorter telomeres).
                             /FTId=VAR_036863.
VARIANT     279    279       A -> T.
                             /FTId=VAR_036864.
VARIANT     299    299       V -> M (associated with acute myeloid
                             leukemia).
                             /FTId=VAR_062781.
VARIANT     412    412       H -> Y (in AA susceptibility; severe and
                             moderate; associated with susceptibility
                             to acute myelogenous leukemia;
                             dbSNP:rs34094720).
                             /FTId=VAR_025149.
VARIANT     441    441       Missing (in AA susceptibility; associated
                             with susceptibility to acute myeloid
                             leukemia).
                             /FTId=VAR_036865.
VARIANT     522    522       R -> K (associated with acute myeloid
                             leukemia).
                             /FTId=VAR_062782.
VARIANT     570    570       K -> N (in AA susceptibility; abolishes
                             telomerase catalytic activity but no
                             effect on binding to TERC).
                             /FTId=VAR_062536.
VARIANT     631    631       R -> Q (in AA susceptibility).
                             /FTId=VAR_062783.
VARIANT     682    682       G -> D (in AA susceptibility; non-severe;
                             abolishes telomerase catalytic activity
                             but little effect on binding to TERC).
                             /FTId=VAR_062537.
VARIANT     694    694       V -> M (in AA susceptibility; moderate).
                             /FTId=VAR_036866.
VARIANT     721    721       P -> R (in DKCB4; no effect on telomerase
                             catalytic activity and little effect on
                             binding to TERC).
                             /FTId=VAR_062538.
VARIANT     726    726       T -> M (in AA susceptibility; very
                             severe; no effect on telomerase catalytic
                             activity but shortened telomeres).
                             /FTId=VAR_062539.
VARIANT     772    772       Y -> C (in AA susceptibility; moderate).
                             /FTId=VAR_036867.
VARIANT     785    785       P -> L (in AA susceptibility).
                             /FTId=VAR_062784.
VARIANT     811    811       R -> C (in DKCB4; 50% reduction in
                             telomerase activity).
                             /FTId=VAR_062540.
VARIANT     865    865       R -> H (in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
                             susceptibility).
                             /FTId=VAR_036868.
VARIANT     901    901       R -> W (in DKCB4; severe phenotype
                             overlapping with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson
                             syndrome; very short telomeres and
                             greatly reduced telomerase activity).
                             /FTId=VAR_062541.
VARIANT     902    902       K -> N (in DKCA2; abolishes telomerase
                             catalytic activity but no effect on
                             binding to TERC).
                             /FTId=VAR_036869.
VARIANT     948    948       S -> R (in dbSNP:rs34062885).
                             /FTId=VAR_053726.
VARIANT     979    979       R -> W (in DKCA2; shortened telomeres but
                             no effect on telomerase catalytic
                             activity nor on binding to TERC).
                             /FTId=VAR_062542.
VARIANT    1062   1062       A -> T (increased incidence in sporadic
                             acute myeloid leukemia;
                             dbSNP:rs35719940).
                             /FTId=VAR_025150.
VARIANT    1090   1090       V -> M (in AA susceptibility; severe).
                             /FTId=VAR_036870.
VARIANT    1110   1110       T -> M (in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
                             susceptibility; impaired telomerase
                             activity).
                             /FTId=VAR_062543.
VARIANT    1127   1127       F -> L (in DKCA2; severe; shortened
                             telomeres but no effect on telomerase
                             catalytic activity nor on binding to
                             TERC).
                             /FTId=VAR_062544.
MUTAGEN     137    141       WGLLL->AAAAA: Reduced catalytic activity
                             and repeat addition processivity.
                             Complete loss of catalytic activity but
                             no loss of binding to telomeric primers;
                             when associated with 930-A--A-934.
MUTAGEN     169    169       Q->A: About 80% loss of enzymatic
                             activity. Greatly reduced incorporation
                             of second nucleotide. Altered strength of
                             binding to ssDNA. Little effect on repeat
                             addition processivity, nor on TR
                             interaction nor on protein levels.
MUTAGEN     169    169       Q->N: About 85% loss of enzymatic
                             activity. Greatly reduced incorporation
                             of second nucleotide. Altered strength of
                             binding to ssDNA. No effect on protein
                             levels nor on TR interaction.
MUTAGEN     169    169       Q->T: About 90% loss of enzymatic
                             activity. Greatly reduced incorporation
                             of second nucleotide. Altered strength of
                             binding to ssDNA. No effect on protein
                             levels nor on TR interaction.
MUTAGEN     547    547       W->A: Defective in high-affinity TERC
                             interactions.
MUTAGEN     631    631       R->A: Abolishes telomerase catalytic
                             activity.
MUTAGEN     707    707       Y->F: Abolishes oxidative stress-induced
                             phosphorylation and RAN binding. Impaired
                             nuclear export and enhanced antiapoptotic
                             activity against ROS-dependent apoptosis
                             induction. Impaired interaction with
                             PTPN11. No dephosphorylation by PTPN11.
MUTAGEN     712    712       D->A: Loss of telomerase activity. In the
                             absence of TR, no loss of binding to
                             telomeric primers.
MUTAGEN     866    866       L->Y: Moderate reduction in telomerase
                             activity, no change in repeat extension
                             rate nor on nucleotide incorporation
                             fidelity. Little further reduction in
                             activity but 13.5-fold increase in
                             nucleotide incorporation fidelity; when
                             associated with M-867.
MUTAGEN     867    867       V->A: About 75% reduction in telomerase
                             activity, about 80% reduction in repeat
                             reduction rate and 3.9-fold increase in
                             nucleotide incorporation fidelity.
MUTAGEN     867    867       V->M: About 75% reduction in telomerase
                             activity, about 50% reduction in repeat
                             extension rate and 5.2-fold increase in
                             nucleotide incorporation fidelity. Little
                             further reduction in activity and 13.5-
                             fold increase in nucleotide incorporation
                             fidelity; when associated with Y-866.
MUTAGEN     867    867       V->T: Severe reduction in telomerase
                             activity, about 50% reduction in repeat
                             extension rate and 2.2-fold increase in
                             nucleotide incorporation fidelity. No
                             further reduction in activity but 2.8-
                             fold increase in nucleotide incorporation
                             fidelity; when associated with Y-866.
MUTAGEN     868    869       DD->AA: Loss of telomerase activity.
MUTAGEN     868    868       D->A: Loss of telomerase activity.
MUTAGEN     869    869       D->A: Loss of telomerase activity.
MUTAGEN     930    934       WCGLL->AAAAA: Completely abolishes
                             telomerase-mediated primer extension and
                             reduced binding to short telomeric
                             primers. Complete loss of catalytic
                             activity but no further loss of binding
                             to telomeric primers; when associated
                             with 137-A--A-141.
CONFLICT    516    516       D -> G (in Ref. 1; AAC51724).
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 4027 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 1132 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
Gene Symbol Ref Databases
YWHAQBioGRID 
AKT1BioGRID 
AKT1BioGRID 
NCLBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
DKC1IntAct 
PMLBioGRID 
PMLBioGRID 
HSP90AA1BioGRID 
RPS6KB1BioGRID 
MCRS1BioGRID 
MKRN1BioGRID 
MTORBioGRID 
MUS81BioGRID 
NCLBioGRID 
PINX1BioGRID 
PMLBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
RUVBL1IntAct 
RUVBL2IntAct 
TEP1BioGRID 
YWHAQBioGRID 
YWHAZBioGRID 
AKT1MINT 
XRCC6BioGRID 
NCLBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
YWHAZBioGRID 
PMLBioGRID 
PMLBioGRID 
SMG6BioGRID 
NAT10BioGRID 
NCLBioGRID 
PMLBioGRID 
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RUVBL2IntAct 
SMG5BioGRID 
PTGES3BioGRID 
UBCBioGRID 
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