SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000602 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
6.34  
Molecular Weight
98989 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
AR 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
DHTR, NR3C4 
Protein Name
Androgen receptor 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
Dihydrotestosterone receptor; Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4; 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:X;66763874-66950461;1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
The dozens of mutations and polymorphisms uncovered were associated with subtly reduced intrinsic AR activity, and are of two main categories . 
The information of related literatures
1. E. L. Yong, L. S. Lim, Q. Wang, A. Mifsud, J. Lim, Y. C. Ong and K. S. Sim (2000) Androgen receptor polymorphisms and mutations in male infertility. J Endocrinol Invest 23(9): 573-7. 

Abstract
Normal spermatogenesis depends on a sequential cascade of genetic events triggered by factors encoded by sex chromosomes. To determine the contribution of genetic aberrations to male infertility, the X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene was examined for mutations and polymorphisms in a large cohort of infertile men. Genetic screening of over 400 patients and controls showed that defects in the AR gene lead to the production of dysfunctional receptor protein in up to 10% of males with abnormally low sperm production and male infertility. The dozens of mutations and polymorphisms uncovered were associated with subtly reduced intrinsic AR activity, and are of two main categories PMID: [11079451] 

2. A. M. Wikstrom, C. E. Hoei-Hansen, L. Dunkel and E. Rajpert-De Meyts (2007) Immunoexpression of androgen receptor and nine markers of maturation in the testes of adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2): 714-9. 

Abstract
CONTEXT PMID: [17148558] 

3. R. Singh, S. R. Deepa, S. Madhavi, N. J. Gupta, B. Chakravarty, L. Singh and K. Thangaraj (2006) Male infertility. J Androl 27(1): 102-5. 

Abstract
Spermatogenesis is collaboratively controlled by testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone. Testosterone and its immediate metabolite dihydrotestosterone affect their roles through the androgen receptor (AR). Mutations in the AR gene have been shown to cause partial to complete androgen insensitivity or infertility in otherwise normal males. The dependence of germ cells upon Sertoli and Leydig cells for their differentiation into sperms and deletion studies of the AR gene in animal models indicate a direct or indirect role of the AR gene in spermatogenesis. Although a few studies worldwide have reported AR mutations in male infertility, no similar study has been conducted on Indian populations. Therefore, we undertook this study to look at the contribution of AR mutations in male infertility among Indian men. We have sequenced the complete coding region of the AR gene in a total of 399 infertile samples, comprising 277 azoospermic, 100 oligozoospermic, and 22 oligoteratozoospermic samples. A total of 100 healthy males with proven fertility and the same ethnicity as the experimental group served as controls. Sequence analysis revealed no mutation in any of these samples. Our study suggests that mutations in the AR gene are less likely to cause azoospermia and oligozoospermia; however, it was difficult to rule out its effect in oligoteratozoospermia, as the sample size was small. PMID: [16400085] 

4. O. Hiort, P. M. Holterhus, T. Horter, W. Schulze, B. Kremke, M. Bals-Pratsch, G. H. Sinnecker and K. Kruse (2000) Significance of mutations in the androgen receptor gene in males with idiopathic infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85(8): 2810-5. 

Abstract
Abnormal human spermatogenesis is caused by a variety of genetic and acquired conditions. Because spermatogenesis is dependent on androgens, some males may have a minimal form of androgen insensitivity that does not inhibit virilization but impairs fertility. This has lead us to investigate the possibility of abnormalities in the androgen receptor (AR) gene in a large cohort of males suffering from infertility of unknown cause. We studied 180 males with variable impairment of spermatogenesis. In all patients, serum levels of testosterone and gonadotropins were analyzed to define an androgen sensitivity index (ASI). Single-strand conformation analysis and direct DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified blood leukocyte DNA were used to identify mutations within the whole coding region of the AR-gene. Endocrine and molecular investigations were compared with 53 normal males with proven fertility. In three infertile males, mutations in the AR were identified. Two unrelated males had the same variation within the first exon encoding for the transactivation domain of the receptor (Pro390Ser), whereas, in the third, a mutation in the hormone-binding region was characterized (Gln798Glu). All identified mutation carriers had a significantly elevated ASI. A proportion of males with idiopathic infertility carry relevant variations within the AR-gene. These males may be distinguished on the basis of hormone levels, calculating the ASI, although this index lacks specificity. PMID: [10946887] 

5. L. Lazaros, N. Xita, A. Kaponis, K. Zikopoulos, N. Sofikitis and I. Georgiou (2008) Evidence for association of sex hormone-binding globulin and androgen receptor genes with semen quality. Andrologia 40(3): 186-91. 

Abstract
The roles of androgen receptor AR(CAG)n gene polymorphisms and sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG(TAAAA)n gene polymorphisms on semen quality were studied. One hundred fourteen men were included in the study PMID: [18477206] 

6. F. J. Ghadessy, J. Lim, A. A. Abdullah, V. Panet-Raymond, C. K. Choo, R. Lumbroso, T. G. Tut, B. Gottlieb, L. Pinsky, M. A. Trifiro and E. L. Yong (1999) Oligospermic infertility associated with an androgen receptor mutation that disrupts interdomain and coactivator (TIF2) interactions. J Clin Invest 103(11): 1517-25. 

Abstract
Structural changes in the androgen receptor (AR) are one of the causes of defective spermatogenesis. We screened the AR gene of 173 infertile men with impaired spermatogenesis and identified 3 of them, unrelated, who each had a single adenine-->guanine transition that changed codon 886 in exon 8 from methionine to valine. This mutation was significantly associated with the severely oligospermic phenotype and was not detected in 400 control AR alleles. Despite the location of this substitution in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the AR, neither the genital skin fibroblasts of the subjects nor transfected cell types expressing the mutant receptor had any androgen-binding abnormality. However, the mutant receptor had a consistently (approximately 50%) reduced capacity to transactivate each of 2 different androgen-inducible reporter genes in 3 different cell lines. Deficient transactivation correlated with reduced binding of mutant AR complexes to androgen response elements. Coexpression of AR domain fragments in mammalian and yeast two-hybrid studies suggests that the mutation disrupts interactions of the LBD with another LBD, with the NH2-terminal transactivation domain, and with the transcriptional intermediary factor TIF2. These data suggest that a functional element centered around M886 has a role, not for ligand binding, but for interdomain and coactivator interactions culminating in the formation of a normal transcription complex. PMID: [10359561] 

7. E. Castro-Nallar, K. Bacallao, A. Parada-Bustamante, M. C. Lardone, P. V. Lopez, M. Madariaga, R. Valdevenito, A. Piottante, M. Ebensperger and A. Castro (2010) Androgen receptor gene CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in Chilean men with primary severe spermatogenic failure. J Androl 31(6): 552-9. 

Abstract
There is ample documentation supporting the fact that androgens are required for normal spermatogenesis. A minority of infertile men have abnormal testosterone blood levels or mild androgen receptor mutations. We investigated the androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat lengths in Chilean men with spermatogenic impairment. We studied 117 secretory azoospermic/oligozoospermic men (93 idiopathic and 24 excryptorchidic), without Y-chromosome microdeletions, and 121 controls with normal spermatogenesis (42 obstructive and 79 normozoospermic men). Peripheral blood was drawn to obtain genomic DNA for polymerase chain reaction and automated sequencing of CAG and GGN repeats. Testicular characterization included hormonal studies, physical evaluation, and seminal and biopsy analysis. The CAG and GGN polymorphism distributions were similar among idiopathic men, excryptorchidic men, and controls and among the different types of spermatogenic impairment. However, the proportion of the CAG 21 allele was significantly increased in idiopathic cases compared to controls (P = .012 by Bonferroni test, odds ratio = 2.99, 95% confidence interval, 1.27-7.0) and the CAG 32 allele only was observed in excryptorchidic patients (P < .0002, Bonferroni test). Idiopathic cases with Sertoli cell-only syndrome showed the highest proportion of the CAG 21 allele (P = .024, chi(2) test). On the other hand, in idiopathic cases and controls the most common GGN allele was 23, followed by 24, but an inverse relation was found among excryptorchidic cases. The joint distribution of CAG and GGN in control, idiopathic, and excryptorchidic groups did not show an association between the 2 allele repeat polymorphisms (P > 0.05, chi(2) test). Our results suggest that the CAG 21 allele seems to increase the risk of idiopathic Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Moreover, the GGN 24 allele could be contributing to deranged androgen receptor function, associated with cryptorchidism and spermatogenic failure. PMID: [20378930] 

8. A. Parada-Bustamante, M. C. Lardone, R. Valdevenito, M. Ebensperger, P. V. Lopez, M. Madariaga, A. Piottante and A. Castro (2011) Analysis of Six Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Androgen Receptor Gene in Chilean Patients with Primary Spermatogenic Failure. J Androl (): . 

Abstract
Androgens are essential for spermatogenesis. It has been postulated that androgen activity is modulated directly or indirectly by genetic variability in the androgen receptor gene sequence, including CAG/GGN polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this study, the frequency of six SNPs, which constitute a haplotype in the androgen receptor sequence, was determined by enzyme restriction assays and allele-specific polymerase chain reactions in 117 secretory azo/oligozoospermic men (93 idiopathic and 24 ex-cryptorchidic) and in 121 controls with normal spermatogenesis (42 obstructive and 79 normozoospermic men), whose hormonal measurements and length of CAG/GGN polymorphisms were previously determined. The frequency of these six SNPs was not different between cases and controls. A total of ten haplotypes (HAP1-10) formed by these six SNPs were found, and one of these haplotypes was observed with high frequency in the total population (HAP1= 83.2%; P<0.001, Chi square test). The frequency of the ten haplotypes was not different between cases and controls, except for HAP5, which was only detected in one patient with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism (P=0.014, Bonferroni test). On the other hand, no associations were found between the haplotypes studied and shorter or longer CAG or GGN polymorphisms. Interestingly, we found that the CAG 21 allele, which was previously correlated with an increased risk of idiopathic spermatogenic impairment, was more frequently found among the less common haplotypes that have higher FSH serum levels. In summary, we did not find an increased frequency of particular haplotypes in infertile men with idiopathic spermatogenic impairment compared to control men; however, we found that the CAG 21 allele, which appears to be associated with male infertility, is observed at a significantly higher proportion among the less common AR haplotypes. PMID: [21393548] 

9. W. E. Mesquita, M. S. Approbato, K. K. Moura and R. S. Jesuino (2009) Absence of the exon 1 coding sequence of the androgen receptor gene associated with teratozoospermia in a Brazilian population. Genet Mol Res 8(4): 1423-6. 

Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a protein encoded by the AR gene, which when mutated may affect spermatogenesis, the process in which spermatozoa are produced; thus, AR mutations could lead to male infertility. We examined exon 1 of the AR gene in men with idiopathic infertility. Blood or semen samples from 111 infertile, oligozoospermic (N = 31), asthenozoospermic (N = 23), teratozoospermic (N = 33), and azoospermic (N = 24) men were analyzed. The extracted DNA was amplified for the exon 1 region of the AR gene. There was a significant correlation between the absence of exon 1 in the AR gene and spermatogenesis defects (P = 0.015). This association was significant in teratozoospermic men (51.5% of the sample). We found that lack of amplification of exon 1 of the AR gene by polymerase chain reaction is associated with morphological defects in the spermogram. PMID: [19937586] 

10. O. A. Fesai, S. A. Kravchenko, M. Tyrkus, G. V. Makukh, V. M. Zinchenko, G. V. Strelko and L. A. Livshits (2009) [Androgen receptor CAG gene polymorphism in men with azoospermia and oligozoospermia in Ukraine]. Tsitol Genet 43(6): 45-51. 

Abstract
The number of CAG repeats of exon 1 of AR gene was determined in a group of 228 infertile males with azoospermia (n = 68) and oligozoospermia (n = 160) as well as in control group (124 proven fathers) by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by fragment analysis on automated fluorescent analyzer "A.L.F-express". The frequency of alleles with GAG-repeats < or = 18 was significantly higher (P < 0,01) in the group of patients with azoospermia (17,7%) comparing with the control group (2,4%) as well as in the group of patients with oligozoospermia (12,5%) comparing with the control group (2,4%). The frequency of alleles with CAG-repeats > or = 28 significantly differed (P < 0,01) between the group of patients with oligozoospermia (12,5%) and the control group (2,4%). Our data suggest an association between CAG repeats number and impaired spermatogenesis in azoospermic and oligozoospermic males. PMID: [20458976] 

11. L. H. Loukil, T. S. Boudawara, I. Ayadi, A. Bahloul, R. Jlidi, H. Ayadi and L. A. Keskes (2005) High androgen receptor immunoexpression in human "Sertoli cell only" testis. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 82(1-4): 47-51. 

Abstract
Our purpose was to evaluate cellular androgen receptor (AR) distribution and intensity of immunostaining in the human azoospermic testis. Thirty six biopsy specimens from azoospermic men were immunostained, using a monoclonal antibody of human AR. The localization and the intensity of AR immunostaining was evaluated in Sertoli Cell Only (SCO) testis (G1, n = 21), in spermatogenesis arrest testis (G2, n = 11) and in histologically normal testis (G3, n = 4). We found an AR immunostaining in Sertoli, peritubular myoid and Leydig cells, but not in germ cells. The intensity of the immunostaining varied substantially between biopsy specimens of different patients. Sertoli and Leydig cells AR immunostaining (score and intensity) in SCO group was higher than in the other groups. For Sertoli cells, the score means of AR immunoreactivity were 20 +/- 2.36, 10.18 +/- 1.0 and 1 +/- 1, for G1, G2 and G3 groups, respectively. For Leydig cells, the score means were 10.24 +/- 1.37, 6 +/- 0.71 and 0, for G1, G2 and G3 groups, respectively. We found significant differences between G1 and G2 (p = 0.0008), between G1 and G3 (p = 1.54 10-7) and G2 and G3 (p = 0.00032). These results suggest that in the testis AR is located exclusively in somatic cells and its expression is higher in SCO syndrome than in normal and in arrest spermatogenesis testes. PMID: [16929754] 

12. T. G. Tut, F. J. Ghadessy, M. A. Trifiro, L. Pinsky and E. L. Yong (1997) Long polyglutamine tracts in the androgen receptor are associated with reduced trans-activation, impaired sperm production, and male infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(11): 3777-82. 

Abstract
The X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene contains two polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that code for polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal trans-activation domain of the AR protein. Changes in the lengths of these polymorphic repeat segments have been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, an androgen-dependent tumor. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes a rare neuromuscular disease, spinal bulbar muscular atrophy, that is associated with low virilization, reduced sperm production, testicular atrophy, and infertility. As spermatogenesis is exquisitely androgen dependent, it is plausible that changes in these two repeat segments could have a role in some cases of male infertility associated with impaired spermatogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we examined the lengths of the polyglutamine and polyglycine repeats in 153 patients with defective sperm production and compared them to 72 normal controls of proven fertility. There was no significant association between the polyglycine tract and infertility. However, patients with 28 or more glutamines (Gln) in their AR had more than 4-fold (95% confidence interval, 4.9-3.2) increased risk of impaired spermatogenesis, and the more severe the spermatogenic defect, the higher the proportion of patients with a longer Gln repeat. Concordantly, the risk of defective spermatogenesis was halved when the polyglutamine tract was short (< or = 23 Gln). Whole cell transfection experiments using AR constructs harboring 15, 20, and 31 Gln repeats and a luciferase reporter gene with an androgen response element promoter confirmed an inverse relationship between Gln number and trans-regulatory activity. Immunoblot analyses indicated that the reduced androgenicity of the AR was unlikely to be due to a change in AR protein content. The data indicate a direct relation between length of the AR polyglutamine tract and the risk of defective spermatogenesis that is attributable to the decreased functional competence of AR with longer glutamine tracts. PMID: [9360540] 

13. A. T. Dowsing, E. L. Yong, M. Clark, R. I. McLachlan, D. M. de Kretser and A. O. Trounson (1999) Linkage between male infertility and trinucleotide repeat expansion in the androgen-receptor gene. Lancet 354(9179): 640-3. 

Abstract
BACKGROUND PMID: [10466666] 

14. A. Ferlin, C. Vinanzi, A. Garolla, R. Selice, D. Zuccarello, C. Cazzadore and C. Foresta (2006) Male infertility and androgen receptor gene mutations. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65(5): 606-10. 

Abstract
OBJECTIVE PMID: [17054461] 

15. O. Akinloye, J. Gromoll, E. Nieschlag and M. Simoni (2009) Androgen receptor gene CAG and GGN polymorphisms in infertile Nigerian men. J Endocrinol Invest 32(10): 797-804. 

Abstract
The human androgen receptor gene (AR) is an important regulator of male sexual development including spermatogenesis. Exon 1 of this gene encodes the N terminal domain, which controls transcriptional activity of the receptor and the two polymorphic repeats CAG and GGN. Many studies have reported association of the expanded CAG repeat length with male infertility, although this is still controversial. The GGN repeat, in contrast, has been less thoroughly studied. Thus far, only scanty studies have been reported from African populations and none from Nigeria. Therefore, we have investigated the possible association between AR polymorphism repeats length (CAG and GGN) and reduced spermatogenesis in infertile Nigerian men (no.=60) consisting of 20 non-obstructive azoospermic and 40 oligozoospermic subjects compared with controls with normozoospermia and proven evidence of fertility (no.=38). In addition, 48 volunteers with normal spermatogenesis were recruited from a German population. CAG and GGN repeats length were determined by fragment length analysis using GeneScan. The CAG and GGN repeats length of infertile compared to fertile populations were not significantly different (p>0.05). We found a unique AR GGN allele distribution with 20-23 GGN repeats predominant in the Nigerian study population. Our results show that CAG and GGN repeats polymorphisms are not a critical index of male infertility. While we do not find a relationship with CAG and GGN repeats haplotypes and male infertility, we report for the first time a unique and wider distribution of the GGN allele in the Nigerian population which is significantly different from the Caucasian population. The functional relevance of this variance to male fertility warrants in-depth elucidation. PMID: [20065623] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: A. M. Wikstrom, C. E. Hoei-Hansen, L. Dunkel and E. Rajpert-De Meyts (2007) Immunoexpression of androgen receptor and nine markers of maturation in the testes of adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2): 714-9. PMID: [17148558]
Function
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activatedtranscription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression andaffect cellular proliferation and differentiation in targettissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by boundcoactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation isdown-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, byHIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3. 
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Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Predominantlycytoplasmic in unligated form but translocates to the nucleus uponligand-binding. Can also translocate to the nucleus in unligatedform in the presence of GNB2L1. 
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 2 is mainly expressed in heart andskeletal muscle. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0030424 C:axon IEA:Compara.
GO:0005737 C:cytoplasm IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0030425 C:dendrite IEA:Compara.
GO:0000790 C:nuclear chromatin IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0005654 C:nucleoplasm TAS:Reactome.
GO:0043234 C:protein complex IDA:MGI.
GO:0005497 F:androgen binding NAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0004882 F:androgen receptor activity IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0003682 F:chromatin binding IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0043565 F:sequence-specific DNA binding IEA:Compara.
GO:0044212 F:transcription regulatory region DNA binding IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0008270 F:zinc ion binding IEA:InterPro.
GO:0060520 P:activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0008219 P:cell death IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0016049 P:cell growth NAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0008283 P:cell proliferation NAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0007267 P:cell-cell signaling TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0060742 P:epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development IEA:Compara.
GO:0001701 P:in utero embryonic development IEA:Compara.
GO:0060599 P:lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis IEA:Compara.
GO:0048808 P:male genitalia morphogenesis IEA:Compara.
GO:0008584 P:male gonad development IEA:Compara.
GO:0019102 P:male somatic sex determination IEA:Compara.
GO:0060749 P:mammary gland alveolus development IEA:Compara.
GO:0060571 P:morphogenesis of an epithelial fold IEA:Compara.
GO:0043066 P:negative regulation of apoptotic process IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0050680 P:negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation IEA:Compara.
GO:0045720 P:negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0048645 P:organ formation IEA:Compara.
GO:0008284 P:positive regulation of cell proliferation IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0043568 P:positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0045726 P:positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0033148 P:positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0043410 P:positive regulation of MAPK cascade IEA:Compara.
GO:0051092 P:positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IMP:BHF-UCL.
GO:0042327 P:positive regulation of phosphorylation IMP:BHF-UCL.
GO:0045944 P:positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA:UniProtKB.
GO:0045945 P:positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0030850 P:prostate gland development NAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0060740 P:prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis IEA:Compara.
GO:0060736 P:prostate gland growth IEA:Compara.
GO:0051259 P:protein oligomerization IDA:MGI.
GO:0050790 P:regulation of catalytic activity IEA:Compara.
GO:0048638 P:regulation of developmental growth IEA:Compara.
GO:0090003 P:regulation of establishment of protein localization in plasma membrane IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0060685 P:regulation of prostatic bud formation IEA:Compara.
GO:0032868 P:response to insulin stimulus IEA:Compara.
GO:0007548 P:sex differentiation NAS:UniProtKB.
GO:0060748 P:tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis IEA:Compara.
GO:0006367 P:transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter TAS:Reactome.
GO:0006810 P:transport TAS:ProtInc.
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Interpro
IPR001103;    Andrgn_rcpt.
IPR008946;    Nucl_hormone_rcpt_ligand-bd.
IPR000536;    Nucl_hrmn_rcpt_lig-bd_core.
IPR001628;    Znf_hrmn_rcpt.
IPR013088;    Znf_NHR/GATA.
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Pfam
PF02166;    Androgen_recep;    2.
PF00104;    Hormone_recep;    1.
PF00105;    zf-C4;    1.
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SMART
SM00430;    HOLI;    1.
SM00399;    ZnF_C4;    1.
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PROSITE
PS00031;    NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1;    1.
PS51030;    NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2;    1.
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PRINTS
PR00521;    ANDROGENR.;   
PR00047;    STROIDFINGER.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
CHAIN         1    919       Androgen receptor.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000053704.
DNA_BIND    559    631       Nuclear receptor.
ZN_FING     559    579       NR C4-type.
ZN_FING     595    619       NR C4-type.
REGION        1    558       Modulating.
REGION      551    919       Interaction with LPXN.
REGION      571    661       Interaction with HIPK3 (By similarity).
REGION      624    919       Interaction with KAT7.
REGION      690    919       Ligand-binding.
COMPBIAS     54     57       Poly-Leu.
COMPBIAS     58     89       Gln-rich.
COMPBIAS     58     78       Poly-Gln.
COMPBIAS     84     89       Poly-Gln.
COMPBIAS    193    197       Poly-Gln.
COMPBIAS    372    381       Poly-Pro.
COMPBIAS    396    402       Poly-Ala.
COMPBIAS    449    472       Poly-Gly.
BINDING     705    705       Androgen.
BINDING     752    752       Androgen.
BINDING     877    877       Androgen.
SITE        720    720       Interaction with coactivator LXXL motif.
SITE        897    897       Interaction with coactivator FXXLF motif.
MOD_RES      81     81       Phosphoserine; by CDK9.
MOD_RES     223    223       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     267    267       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK and TNK2.
MOD_RES     300    300       Phosphoserine.
MOD_RES     301    301       Phosphothreonine.
MOD_RES     307    307       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     346    346       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     357    357       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     362    362       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     363    363       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK and TNK2.
MOD_RES     393    393       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     534    534       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     551    551       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
MOD_RES     650    650       Phosphoserine; by STK4/MST1.
MOD_RES     915    915       Phosphotyrosine; by CSK.
CROSSLNK    386    386       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO).
CROSSLNK    520    520       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO).
CROSSLNK    845    845       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin).
CROSSLNK    847    847       Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly)
                             (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin).
VAR_SEQ       1    531       Missing (in isoform 2).
                             /FTId=VSP_036889.
VAR_SEQ     532    538       GPYGDMR -> MILWLHS (in isoform 2).
                             /FTId=VSP_036890.
VARIANT       2      2       E -> K (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004679.
VARIANT      54     54       L -> S (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_004680.
VARIANT      57     57       L -> Q (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_004681.
VARIANT      64     64       Q -> R (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009711.
VARIANT      74     78       Missing.
                             /FTId=VAR_004682.
VARIANT     112    112       Q -> H (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009712.
VARIANT     180    180       K -> R (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009713.
VARIANT     194    194       Q -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009224.
VARIANT     205    205       S -> R.
                             /FTId=VAR_009714.
VARIANT     214    214       G -> R (in AIS; 20% lower transactivation
                             capacity).
                             /FTId=VAR_009715.
VARIANT     255    255       L -> P (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009225.
VARIANT     266    266       M -> T (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009716.
VARIANT     269    269       P -> S (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009717.
VARIANT     340    340       P -> L (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009718.
VARIANT     390    390       P -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009226.
VARIANT     390    390       P -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009227.
VARIANT     443    443       Q -> R (in AIS; might be a polymorphism).
                             /FTId=VAR_009228.
VARIANT     465    472       Missing.
                             /FTId=VAR_004683.
VARIANT     491    491       G -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009719.
VARIANT     528    528       D -> G (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009720.
VARIANT     547    547       L -> F (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009721.
VARIANT     548    548       P -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009722.
VARIANT     559    559       C -> Y (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009723.
VARIANT     568    568       G -> V (in a patient with isolated
                             hypospadias).
                             /FTId=VAR_009725.
VARIANT     568    568       G -> W (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009726.
VARIANT     571    571       Y -> C (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009727.
VARIANT     573    573       A -> D (in AIS; defective DNA binding and
                             transactivation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009728.
VARIANT     574    574       L -> P (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009729.
VARIANT     575    575       T -> A (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009730.
VARIANT     576    576       C -> F (in AIS; lack of DNA binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_009731.
VARIANT     576    576       C -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009732.
VARIANT     579    579       C -> F (in AIS; reduced transcription and
                             DNA binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_009733.
VARIANT     579    579       C -> Y (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009734.
VARIANT     580    580       K -> R (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009735.
VARIANT     581    581       V -> F (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009736.
VARIANT     582    582       F -> S (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009737.
VARIANT     582    582       F -> Y (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009738.
VARIANT     582    582       Missing (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009739.
VARIANT     585    585       R -> K (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009740.
VARIANT     586    586       A -> V (in prostate cancer; somatic
                             mutation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009741.
VARIANT     587    587       A -> S (in prostate cancer; somatic
                             mutation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009742.
VARIANT     596    596       A -> T (in AIS; abolishes dimerization).
                             /FTId=VAR_009743.
VARIANT     597    597       S -> G (in PAIS; high dissociation rate;
                             associated with P-617 in a PAIS patient;
                             partially restores DNA-binding activity
                             of P-617 mutant receptors).
                             /FTId=VAR_009744.
VARIANT     597    597       S -> T (in a patient with severe
                             hypospadias).
                             /FTId=VAR_009745.
VARIANT     601    601       C -> F (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009746.
VARIANT     604    604       D -> Y (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009747.
VARIANT     607    607       R -> Q (in PAIS and breast cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_004684.
VARIANT     608    608       R -> K (in PAIS and breast cancer;
                             defective nuclear localization).
                             /FTId=VAR_004685.
VARIANT     610    610       N -> T (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009748.
VARIANT     611    611       C -> Y (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009749.
VARIANT     615    615       R -> H (in AIS and PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009751.
VARIANT     615    615       R -> P (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009752.
VARIANT     615    615       Missing (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009750.
VARIANT     616    616       L -> P (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009753.
VARIANT     616    616       L -> R (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009754.
VARIANT     617    617       R -> P (in AIS and PAIS; loss of DNA-
                             binding activity; associated with G-597
                             in a PAIS patient).
                             /FTId=VAR_009755.
VARIANT     619    619       C -> Y (in prostate cancer; loss of DNA
                             binding; somatic mutation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009756.
VARIANT     629    629       R -> Q (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009757.
VARIANT     630    630       K -> T (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009758.
VARIANT     645    645       A -> D (in dbSNP:rs1800053).
                             /FTId=VAR_004686.
VARIANT     647    647       S -> N (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009760.
VARIANT     664    664       I -> N (in AIS and PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004687.
VARIANT     670    670       Q -> R (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009761.
VARIANT     671    671       P -> H (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009762.
VARIANT     672    672       I -> T (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009763.
VARIANT     677    677       L -> P (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004688.
VARIANT     681    681       E -> K (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009764.
VARIANT     682    682       P -> T (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_013474.
VARIANT     683    683       G -> A (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009765.
VARIANT     684    684       V -> I (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009766.
VARIANT     686    686       C -> R (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009767.
VARIANT     687    687       A -> V (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009768.
VARIANT     688    688       G -> E (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009769.
VARIANT     690    690       Missing (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009770.
VARIANT     692    692       Missing (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004689.
VARIANT     695    695       D -> H (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004690.
VARIANT     695    695       D -> N (in AIS; almost complete loss of
                             androgen binding and transcription
                             activation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004691.
VARIANT     695    695       D -> V (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004692.
VARIANT     700    700       L -> M (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009771.
VARIANT     701    701       L -> F (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009772.
VARIANT     701    701       L -> H (in AIS and prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009773.
VARIANT     702    702       S -> A (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009774.
VARIANT     703    703       S -> C (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009775.
VARIANT     703    703       S -> G (in PAIS and AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004693.
VARIANT     705    705       N -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009776.
VARIANT     705    705       N -> Y (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_013475.
VARIANT     707    707       L -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004694.
VARIANT     708    708       G -> A (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009777.
VARIANT     708    708       G -> V (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009778.
VARIANT     710    710       R -> T (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009779.
VARIANT     711    711       Q -> E (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_013476.
VARIANT     712    712       L -> F (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009780.
VARIANT     715    715       V -> M (in prostate cancer; gain in
                             function).
                             /FTId=VAR_009781.
VARIANT     717    717       K -> E (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009782.
VARIANT     720    720       K -> E (in prostate cancer; found in bone
                             metastases).
                             /FTId=VAR_009783.
VARIANT     721    721       A -> T (in prostate cancer; somatic
                             mutation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009784.
VARIANT     722    722       L -> F (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009785.
VARIANT     723    723       P -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009786.
VARIANT     724    724       G -> D (in AIS and prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009787.
VARIANT     725    725       F -> L (in a patient with severe
                             hypospadias).
                             /FTId=VAR_009788.
VARIANT     726    726       R -> L (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009789.
VARIANT     727    727       N -> K (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009790.
VARIANT     728    728       L -> S (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009791.
VARIANT     730    730       V -> M (in prostate cancer; increases
                             transcription activation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004695.
VARIANT     732    732       D -> N (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004696.
VARIANT     732    732       D -> Y (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004697.
VARIANT     733    733       Q -> H (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009792.
VARIANT     737    737       I -> T (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009793.
VARIANT     741    741       W -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009794.
VARIANT     742    742       M -> I (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004698.
VARIANT     742    742       M -> V (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009795.
VARIANT     743    743       G -> E (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_013477.
VARIANT     743    743       G -> V (in PAIS and AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004699.
VARIANT     744    744       L -> F (in AIS and prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009796.
VARIANT     745    745       M -> T (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009797.
VARIANT     746    746       V -> M (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009798.
VARIANT     748    748       A -> D (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009799.
VARIANT     748    748       A -> T (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009800.
VARIANT     748    748       A -> V (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009801.
VARIANT     749    749       M -> I (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009802.
VARIANT     749    749       M -> V (in PAIS and AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004700.
VARIANT     750    750       G -> D (in AIS; loss of androgen
                             binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004701.
VARIANT     750    750       G -> S (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009803.
VARIANT     751    751       W -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009804.
VARIANT     752    752       R -> Q (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004702.
VARIANT     754    754       F -> L (in PAIS and prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009805.
VARIANT     754    754       F -> V (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004703.
VARIANT     755    755       T -> A (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009806.
VARIANT     756    756       N -> S (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009807.
VARIANT     757    757       V -> A (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009808.
VARIANT     758    758       N -> T (in PAIS; 50% reduction in
                             transactivation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009809.
VARIANT     759    759       S -> F (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009810.
VARIANT     759    759       S -> P (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009811.
VARIANT     762    762       L -> F (in AIS; loss of androgen
                             binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004704.
VARIANT     763    763       Y -> C (in PAIS and prostate cancer;
                             partial loss of androgen binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004705.
VARIANT     763    763       Y -> H (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009812.
VARIANT     764    764       F -> L (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009813.
VARIANT     765    765       A -> T (in AIS; loss of androgen
                             binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004707.
VARIANT     765    765       A -> V (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009814.
VARIANT     766    766       P -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009815.
VARIANT     767    767       D -> E (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009816.
VARIANT     768    768       L -> P (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009817.
VARIANT     771    771       N -> H (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009818.
VARIANT     772    772       E -> A (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009819.
VARIANT     772    772       E -> G (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009820.
VARIANT     774    774       R -> C (in AIS; loss of androgen binding;
                             frequent mutation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004709.
VARIANT     774    774       R -> H (in AIS and PAIS; almost complete
                             loss of androgen binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004708.
VARIANT     779    779       R -> W (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004710.
VARIANT     780    780       M -> I (in PAIS and AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004711.
VARIANT     782    782       S -> N (in prostate cancer; somatic
                             mutation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009821.
VARIANT     784    784       C -> Y (in AIS; loss of androgen binding
                             and of transactivation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004712.
VARIANT     787    787       M -> V (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004713.
VARIANT     788    788       R -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009822.
VARIANT     790    790       L -> F (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009823.
VARIANT     791    791       S -> P (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009824.
VARIANT     793    793       E -> D.
                             /FTId=VAR_009825.
VARIANT     794    794       F -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004714.
VARIANT     798    798       Q -> E (in PAIS, AIS and prostate cancer;
                             reduced transcription activation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004715.
VARIANT     806    806       C -> Y (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009826.
VARIANT     807    807       M -> R (in AIS; loss of transactivation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004716.
VARIANT     807    807       M -> T (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009827.
VARIANT     807    807       M -> V (in AIS; 25% androgen binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004717.
VARIANT     812    812       L -> F (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009828.
VARIANT     814    814       S -> N (in AIS and PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004718.
VARIANT     820    820       G -> A (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009829.
VARIANT     821    821       L -> V (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009830.
VARIANT     827    827       F -> V (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_013478.
VARIANT     830    830       L -> P (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009831.
VARIANT     831    831       R -> L (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004719.
VARIANT     831    831       R -> Q (in AIS; loss of androgen
                             binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004720.
VARIANT     834    834       Y -> C (in AIS; loss of androgen
                             binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_009832.
VARIANT     840    840       R -> C (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004721.
VARIANT     840    840       R -> G (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004722.
VARIANT     840    840       R -> H (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004723.
VARIANT     840    840       R -> S (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009229.
VARIANT     841    841       I -> S (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009833.
VARIANT     842    842       I -> T (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004724.
VARIANT     846    846       R -> G (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009834.
VARIANT     854    854       R -> K (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009835.
VARIANT     855    855       R -> C (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004725.
VARIANT     855    855       R -> H (in AIS; strongly reduced
                             transcription activation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004726.
VARIANT     856    856       F -> L (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009836.
VARIANT     863    863       L -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009837.
VARIANT     864    864       D -> G (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009838.
VARIANT     864    864       D -> N (in AIS; loss of androgen
                             binding).
                             /FTId=VAR_004727.
VARIANT     865    865       S -> P (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009839.
VARIANT     866    866       V -> E (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004728.
VARIANT     866    866       V -> L (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004729.
VARIANT     866    866       V -> M (in AIS and prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_004730.
VARIANT     869    869       I -> M (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004731.
VARIANT     870    870       A -> G (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009840.
VARIANT     870    870       A -> V (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009841.
VARIANT     871    871       R -> G (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009842.
VARIANT     874    874       H -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_013479.
VARIANT     874    874       H -> Y (in prostate cancer; increases
                             affinity for testosterone, androgen
                             sensitivity and transcription
                             activation).
                             /FTId=VAR_009843.
VARIANT     877    877       T -> A (in prostate cancer; alters
                             receptor specificity so that
                             transcription is activated by
                             antiandrogens, such as cyproterone
                             acetate; found in bone metastases).
                             /FTId=VAR_004732.
VARIANT     877    877       T -> S (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009844.
VARIANT     879    879       D -> Y (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_013480.
VARIANT     880    880       L -> Q (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009845.
VARIANT     881    881       L -> V (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009846.
VARIANT     886    886       M -> V (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009847.
VARIANT     889    889       V -> M (in AIS and PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009848.
VARIANT     890    890       D -> N (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009849.
VARIANT     891    891       F -> L (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009850.
VARIANT     892    892       P -> L (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004733.
VARIANT     895    895       M -> T (in AIS; low androgen binding and
                             transactivation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004734.
VARIANT     896    896       A -> T (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009851.
VARIANT     898    898       I -> T (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009852.
VARIANT     902    902       Q -> R (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009853.
VARIANT     903    903       V -> M (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009854.
VARIANT     904    904       P -> H (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009855.
VARIANT     904    904       P -> S (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009856.
VARIANT     907    907       L -> F (in AIS; almost complete loss of
                             transcription activation).
                             /FTId=VAR_004735.
VARIANT     909    909       G -> E (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009857.
VARIANT     909    909       G -> R (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009858.
VARIANT     910    910       K -> R (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009859.
VARIANT     911    911       V -> L (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009860.
VARIANT     913    913       P -> S (in PAIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_004736.
VARIANT     916    916       F -> L (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009861.
VARIANT     917    917       H -> R (in AIS).
                             /FTId=VAR_009862.
VARIANT     919    919       Q -> R (in prostate cancer).
                             /FTId=VAR_009863.
MUTAGEN      81     81       S->A: Reduced cell growth.
MUTAGEN     223    223       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
MUTAGEN     267    267       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation and phosphorylation by
                             TNK2. Complete loss of TNK2-dependent
                             phosphorylation; when associated with F-
                             363.
MUTAGEN     307    307       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
MUTAGEN     346    346       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
MUTAGEN     357    357       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
MUTAGEN     362    362       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
MUTAGEN     363    363       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation and phosphorylation by
                             TNK2. Complete loss of TNK2-dependent
                             phosphorylation; when associated with F-
                             267.
MUTAGEN     393    393       Y->F: Decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
MUTAGEN     534    534       Y->F: Greatest decrease of CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation and inhibition of
                             transcriptional activity induced by EGF.
MUTAGEN     551    551       Y->F: Decrease in CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
MUTAGEN     701    701       L->A: Alters receptor specificity, so
                             that transcription is activated by the
                             antiandrogen cyproterone acetate.
MUTAGEN     720    720       K->A: Loss of transcription activation in
                             the presence of androgen and of
                             interaction with NCOA2.
MUTAGEN     741    741       W->L: Strongly decreased transcription
                             activation in the presence of androgen.
MUTAGEN     845    845       K->R: Prevents ubiquitination by RNF6.
                             Prevents AR transcriptional activation by
                             RNF14 in absence of hormone.
MUTAGEN     847    847       K->R: Partially prevents ubiquitination
                             by RNF6.
MUTAGEN     897    897       E->A,Q: Reduced transcription activation
                             in the presence of androgen.
MUTAGEN     897    897       E->K,R: Loss of transcription activation
                             in the presence of androgen.
MUTAGEN     915    915       Y->F: Decrease in CSK-induced
                             phosphorylation.
CONFLICT    166    166       G -> A (in Ref. 5; AAA51780).
CONFLICT    212    212       A -> R (in Ref. 3 and 6; AAA51771/
                             AAA51772).
CONFLICT    475    475       G -> E (in Ref. 2; AAA51775 and 12;
                             AAA51770).
CONFLICT    565    565       E -> K (in Ref. 14; AAA51774).
CONFLICT    634    634       L -> P (in Ref. 18; AAB21256/AAB21257).
CONFLICT    675    675       N -> I (in Ref. 18; AAB21256/AAB21257).
CONFLICT    810    810       L -> M (in Ref. 5; AAA51780).
STRAND      666    668
HELIX       672    680
STRAND      691    693
HELIX       697    720
HELIX       725    727
HELIX       730    757
STRAND      760    765
STRAND      768    770
HELIX       772    777
HELIX       781    796
HELIX       801    812
STRAND      814    817
HELIX       824    842
TURN        843    845
HELIX       850    883
HELIX       884    886
HELIX       893    901
HELIX       903    907
STRAND      910    913
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 3569 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 919 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
 Gene Symbol Ref Databases
YWHAQBioGRID 
ZMIZ1HPRD 
GSNBioGRID 
SRYHPRD 
_BioGRID 
PAK6HPRD 
RANHPRD 
PHBBioGRID 
HSPA1ABioGRID 
NCOA4BioGRID 
HSPB2BioGRID 
RNF14BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
ACTBIntAct 
ADAM10IntAct 
AESBioGRID 
AHRHPRD 
AKT1HPRD 
YWHAHMINT 
ZMIZ1BioGRID 
JMJD1CHPRD 
GSNBioGRID 
CDK6HPRD 
TGIF1BioGRID 
TGIF1BioGRID 
SMARCA4BioGRID 
SRYBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_HPRD 
PAK6BioGRID 
SLC45A3IntAct 
RANBioGRID 
NCOA4BioGRID 
HSPB2BioGRID 
RNF14BioGRID 
SLC25A4HPRD 
ARHPRD 
ARHPRD 
PRMT1HPRD 
APOL2HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
SMARCA4BioGRID 
XRCC6HPRD 
KIFAP3BioGRID 
KIFAP3BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
GSNBioGRID 
_IntAct 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
BAG1BioGRID 
BMFIntAct 
BRCA1HPRD 
RCHY1BioGRID 
TMPRSS2IntAct 
TMPRSS2IntAct 
TMPRSS2IntAct 
KAT5BioGRID 
CALRHPRD 
CASP3HPRD 
CASP7HPRD 
CASP8MINT 
Casp8MINT 
CREBBPBioGRID 
CCND1HPRD 
CCNE1HPRD 
CCNHHPRD 
CDK6HPRD 
CDK7HPRD 
CDK9BioGRID 
C6orf81IntAct 
STUB1HPRD 
COX5BHPRD 
CTDSP2HPRD 
CTNNB1HPRD 
CUX2IntAct 
RNF4BioGRID 
DAXXIntAct 
DDCIntAct 
DENND5ABioGRID 
HMGN2P46IntAct 
NR3C1HPRD 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
NDRG1IntAct 
ARIntAct 
_HPRD 
FLNAHPRD 
NCOA4BioGRID 
SIRT1BioGRID 
NDRG1IntAct 
ARIntAct 
NCOR1BioGRID 
SLC43A1IntAct 
SLC43A1IntAct 
SLC43A1IntAct 
SLC43A1IntAct 
SLC43A1IntAct 
EFCAB6BioGRID 
EGFRBioGRID 
EP300HPRD 
ERGIntAct 
ESR1HPRD 
ETV5BioGRID 
FAM174BIntAct 
NR3C4BioGRID 
NR0B1BioGRID 
NR2A1BioGRID 
NR2A1BioGRID 
NR2A1BioGRID 
FHL2BioGRID 
FKBP5IntAct 
FLNAHPRD 
FOXO1HPRD 
GAPDHHPRD 
GADD45GIP1BioGRID 
GNB2L1HPRD 
NR3C1HPRD 
GSNHPRD 
GRIP1HPRD 
GSK3BHPRD 
HDAC1BioGRID 
HDAC3BioGRID 
HDAC4BioGRID 
HIF1AIntAct 
HMGB1HPRD 
HMGB2BioGRID 
HNF4ABioGRID 
PSMC3IPHPRD 
HSP90AA1HPRD 
HSPB2BioGRID 
IDEHPRD 
IFI16HPRD 
IL6STHPRD 
TCF4HPRD 
JMJD1CHPRD 
JUNHPRD 
KAT2BHPRD 
KAT5BioGRID 
MYST2IntAct 
KDM1AHPRD 
KIF1AHPRD 
KIFAP3BioGRID 
KLK2IntAct 
KLK3IntAct 
SLC43A1IntAct 
MAGEA11BioGRID 
MED12LBioGRID 
MDM2HPRD 
MDN1BioGRID 
MED14HPRD 
MED1BioGRID 
MED24BioGRID 
MLH3BioGRID 
NLRP10BioGRID 
NCOA1BioGRID 
NCOA2BioGRID 
NCOA3BioGRID 
NCOA4BioGRID 
NCOA6BioGRID 
NCOR1BioGRID 
NCOR2HPRD 
NDRG1IntAct 
NFKB1HPRD 
NONOHPRD 
NR0B1BioGRID 
NR2C2BioGRID 
NRIP1HPRD 
NSD1BioGRID 
WHSC1BioGRID 
TP53BioGRID 
PAK6BioGRID 
PARK7IntAct 
PATZ1BioGRID 
PXNHPRD 
PELP1BioGRID 
PIAS1BioGRID 
PIAS2BioGRID 
PIAS3HPRD 
PIAS4BioGRID 
PMEPA1BioGRID 
PRDX1IntAct 
PRPF6BioGRID 
PSPC1BioGRID 
PTENHPRD 
IL6STHPRD 
BRCA1HPRD 
MLH3BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
TBPBioGRID 
CREBBPBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
COX5BHPRD 
SVILBioGRID 
SMARCA2BioGRID 
SMARCC1BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
IL6STBioGRID 
PMEPA1BioGRID 
GSNHPRD 
FKBP5IntAct 
FLNAHPRD 
CCND1HPRD 
FHL2BioGRID 
BRCA1HPRD 
HDAC1BioGRID 
FLNAHPRD 
NCOR1BioGRID 
NR2C2BioGRID 
TMF1BioGRID 
KLK2IntAct 
DKFZp686L0869HPRD 
EP300HPRD 
_HPRD 
SFPQBioGRID 
HDAC4BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
TMEPAIBioGRID 
PRMT1HPRD 
NCOA4BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
CUX2IntAct 
SMARCA4BioGRID 
_HPRD 
_BioGRID 
RAD9AHPRD 
RAF1HPRD 
RANBioGRID 
RBAKHPRD 
RB1HPRD 
RLN1IntAct 
RNF14BioGRID 
RNF4BioGRID 
RNF6IntAct 
RUNX2HPRD 
SLC45A3IntAct 
SART3BioGRID 
SFPQBioGRID 
SIRT1BioGRID 
SMAD1MINT 
SMAD3BioGRID 
SMAD4BioGRID 
SMARCA2BioGRID 
SMARCA4BioGRID 
SMARCE1BioGRID 
SMARCC1BioGRID 
SMARCD1BioGRID 
SPDEFBioGRID 
SPOPBioGRID 
SRCHPRD 
SRYBioGRID 
STAT3HPRD 
SVILBioGRID 
IARSHPRD 
GTF2F1HPRD 
GTF2F2HPRD 
TBPBioGRID 
GTF2H1HPRD 
RELAHPRD 
TGFB1I1BioGRID 
TGIF1HPRD 
TMF1BioGRID 
TMPRSS2IntAct 
TRIM68BioGRID 
TSG101BioGRID 
UBE2IBioGRID 
UBCBioGRID 
UBE3AHPRD 
UXTHPRD 
XRCC5HPRD 
XRCC6HPRD 
ZBTB16BioGRID 
ZBTB1BioGRID 
ZMIZ1BioGRID 
ZNF318BioGRID 
RCHY1BioGRID 
PRMT1BioGRID 
APPBP2HPRD 
RAD54L2HPRD 
ATF2HPRD 
AKT1HPRD 
NR3C2HPRD 
_BioGRID 
CDC25BBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_HPRD 
_HPRD 
_HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
CALM1HPRD 
DAP3BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
GSNBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
BAG1BioGRID 
BRCA1BioGRID 
RCHY1BioGRID 
KAT5HPRD 
KLK3IntAct 
CALM1HPRD 
CASP1HPRD 
CASP8HPRD 
CAV1HPRD 
CREBBPHPRD 
CCND1BioGRID 
CCNE1BioGRID 
CDC37HPRD 
CDK1HPRD 
CDK7DIP 
CDK9HPRD 
CEBPABioGRID 
CEBPBBioGRID 
CTDSP2MINT 
CTNNB1BioGRID 
CUL4BHPRD 
HIF1AHPRD 
POU5F1HPRD 
RNF4BioGRID 
DAXXBioGRID 
DCAF6HPRD 
DCCBioGRID 
DDCHPRD 
DAP3BioGRID 
MYST2BioGRID 
NCOA4HPRD 
SIRT1BioGRID 
BRCA1BioGRID 
NCOR1BioGRID 
EFCAB6HPRD 
EGFRHPRD 
ERGIntAct 
ETS1MINT 
ETV5HPRD 
NR3C4BioGRID 
NR0B1HPRD 
NR0B2HPRD 
NR5A1HPRD 
FHL2HPRD 
FOXA1HPRD 
FOXO1IntAct 
Foxo1IntAct 
GAPDHBioGRID 
GAPDHDIP 
GAKHPRD 
GSNBioGRID 
GSK3ABioGRID 
GSK3BBioGRID 
HDAC1HPRD 
HDAC7BioGRID 
HIF1AHPRD 
HIPK3HPRD 
Hipk3DIP 
HSP90AA1BioGRID 
HSPA1ABioGRID 
HSPB2BioGRID 
IFI16MINT 
JMJD1CIntAct 
JUNBioGRID 
KAT5BioGRID 
MYST2HPRD 
KDM5BBioGRID 
KLK2HPRD 
KLK3IntAct 
MAGEA11BioGRID 
YDJ1DIP 
MYBBP1AHPRD 
NR3C2HPRD 
MDM2BioGRID 
MED1HPRD 
MAPK1HPRD 
CDC25AHPRD 
CDC25BBioGRID 
NCOA1HPRD 
NCOA2HPRD 
NCOA3HPRD 
NCOA4HPRD 
NCOA6BioGRID 
NCOR1HPRD 
NCOR2BioGRID 
NISCHHPRD 
NR0B1HPRD 
NR0B2HPRD 
NR2C1HPRD 
NR2C2HPRD 
NSD1HPRD 
WHSC1BioGRID 
ERGIntAct 
TP53MINT 
PA2G4HPRD 
PAK6HPRD 
PARK7IntAct 
PATZ1BioGRID 
PELP1HPRD 
PHBBioGRID 
PIAS1HPRD 
PIAS2HPRD 
PIAS4HPRD 
PNRC1HPRD 
PNRC2HPRD 
POU2F1BioGRID 
POU2F2BioGRID 
POU5F1HPRD 
PRDX1IntAct 
PRKDCBioGRID 
PRPF6HPRD 
PTENBioGRID 
AESHPRD 
MAPK1HPRD 
BRCA1BioGRID 
CAV1HPRD 
_BioGRID 
BRCA1BioGRID 
MAPK1HPRD 
DCCBioGRID 
CREBBPHPRD 
_BioGRID 
DDCHPRD 
KLK3IntAct 
SVILHPRD 
_HPRD 
GSNBioGRID 
RNASELHPRD 
CCND1BioGRID 
GSK3BBioGRID 
FHL2HPRD 
BRCA1BioGRID 
HDAC1HPRD 
DKFZp686G14213BioGRID 
NCOR1BioGRID 
NR2C2HPRD 
TMF1HPRD 
KLK2HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_BioGRID 
SFPQBioGRID 
_BioGRID 
KLK3IntAct 
_HPRD 
PRMT1BioGRID 
PP2150HPRD 
KLK3IntAct 
NCOA4HPRD 
_BioGRID 
_HPRD 
_HPRD 
DKFZp434N0335BioGRID 
RAC3HPRD 
RAD9ABioGRID 
RANBP9HPRD 
RANHPRD 
RB1BioGRID 
RNASELHPRD 
RNF14HPRD 
RNF4HPRD 
RNF6IntAct 
DAP3HPRD 
RUNX1HPRD 
RUVBL1BioGRID 
SART3HPRD 
SELENBP1BioGRID 
SFPQBioGRID 
SIRT1BioGRID 
SMAD1HPRD 
SMAD3HPRD 
SMAD4HPRD 
SMARCE1BioGRID 
SP1HPRD 
SPDEFHPRD 
SREBF1BioGRID 
SRCBioGRID 
SRYHPRD 
NR5A1HPRD 
SUMO1HPRD 
SVILHPRD 
GTF2F1IntAct 
TDGBioGRID 
TGFB1I1HPRD 
TRIM24HPRD 
TMF1HPRD 
TRIM68BioGRID 
TRIP4HPRD 
TSG101HPRD 
UBE2IHPRD 
UBCBioGRID 
UXTBioGRID 
WIPI1HPRD 
ZMIZ1HPRD 
ZMIZ2BioGRID 
ZNF318BioGRID 
RCHY1HPRD 
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
Temporarily unavailable 
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