SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00000619 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
5.9  
Molecular Weight
18641 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
LEP 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
OB, OBS 
Protein Name
Leptin 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
Obese protein; Obesity factor;Flags: Precursor 
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606 
Chromosome Location
chr:7;127881337-127897681;1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
There was no significant relation between serum leptin and seminal parameters and between leptin and gonadal hormone values. The dysfunction of spermatogenesis in varicocele-related infertile male is associated with increase in leptin and leptin receptors. Leptin may have local effects on the function of testis and spermatogenesis.. 
The information of related literatures
1. B. Chen, J. H. Guo, Y. N. Lu, X. L. Ying, K. Hu, Z. Q. Xiang, Y. X. Wang, P. Chen and Y. R. Huang (2009) Leptin and varicocele-related spermatogenesis dysfunction. Int J Androl 32(5): 532-41. 

Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between varicocele-related spermatogenesis dysfunction and the expression of leptin and leptin receptors. In rats with experimental varicocele, the function of spermatogenesis, the expression of leptin and leptin receptors in testes were analysed; and in patients with varicocele-related male infertility, serum and seminal plasma levels of leptin, gonadal hormones and semen parameters were evaluated. In the testes of rats, leptin was expressed in seminiferous tubules and intersitium, leptin receptor was predominantly expressed in interstitium. The expression of leptin and its receptor in the testis of rats was not related to the weight of rat, but was inversely related to the weight of testis (r = -0.408, p = 0.009 and r = -0.433, p = 0.005, respectively), the Johnsen scores (r = -0.916, p = 0.000 and r = -0.863, p = 0.000, respectively), the seminiferous tubules diameter (r = -0.853, p = 0.000 and r = -0.870, p = 0.000, respectively) and the thickness of seminiferous epithelium (r = -0.929, p = 0.000 and r = -0.948, p = 0.000, respectively). In varicocele patients (N = 40), the sperm concentration and motility were significantly lower (p = 0.000) than those in the control group (N = 25), and the leptin level in seminal plasma was significantly higher (p = 0.000) than that in the control group. The leptin in serum and seminal plasma was positively related (r = 0.223, p = 0.002). The seminal plasma leptin level was inversely related to sperm concentration (r = -0.632, p = 0.000) and motility (r = -0.635, p = 0.000). There was no significant relation between serum leptin and seminal parameters and between leptin and gonadal hormone values. The dysfunction of spermatogenesis in varicocele-related infertile male is associated with increase in leptin and leptin receptors. Leptin may have local effects on the function of testis and spermatogenesis. PMID: [18484972] 

2. T. Ishikawa, H. Fujioka, T. Ishimura, A. Takenaka and M. Fujisawa (2007) Expression of leptin and leptin receptor in the testis of fertile and infertile patients. Andrologia 39(1): 22-7. 

Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the relationships between the expression of leptin, leptin receptor in the testis and spermatogenesis, and testosterone (T) concentration in infertile men. Testicular tissue samples were collected from the testes of five fertile volunteers, eight patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA), six patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCO) and 32 oligospermic patients with varicocele testis. In testicular tissue, leptin and leptin receptor were identified by staining with polyclonal antibodies. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, lutenising hormone (LH), and T were determined by chemiluminescence assays. Leptin was expressed on germ cells, mainly on spermatocytes. The ratio of immunostained germ cells to total germ cells was inversely correlated with the concentration of T (r = -0.32, P = 0.01), sperm concentration (r = -0.51, P = 0.002) and Johnsen's score (r = -0.44,P = 0.005). In contrast, leptin receptor immunostained cells were found in the interstitium, primarily in Leydig cells. Leptin receptor expression on Leydig cells was inversely correlated with serum T concentration (r = -0.50, P < 0.001). The dysfunction of spermatogenesis is associated with an increase in leptin and leptin receptor expression in the testis. PMID: [17212806] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: T. Ishikawa, H. Fujioka, T. Ishimura, A. Takenaka and M. Fujisawa (2007) Expression of leptin and leptin receptor in the testis of fertile and infertile patients. Andrologia 39(1): 22-7. PMID: [17212806]
Function
May function as part of a signaling pathway that acts toregulate the size of the body fat depot. An increase in the levelof LEP may act directly or indirectly on the CNS to inhibit foodintake and/or regulate energy expenditure as part of a homeostaticmechanism to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. 
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Subcellular Location
Secreted. 
Tissue Specificity
 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0005615 C:extracellular space ISS:HGNC.
GO:0005622 C:intracellular IEA:GOC.
GO:0060612 P:adipose tissue development IEA:Compara.
GO:0008343 P:adult feeding behavior ISS:HGNC.
GO:0008206 P:bile acid metabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0035630 P:bone mineralization involved in bone maturation IEA:Compara.
GO:0071298 P:cellular response to L-ascorbic acid IEA:Compara.
GO:0071300 P:cellular response to retinoic acid IEA:Compara.
GO:0021954 P:central nervous system neuron development IEA:Compara.
GO:0008203 P:cholesterol metabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0007623 P:circadian rhythm IEA:Compara.
GO:0042755 P:eating behavior IEA:Compara.
GO:0006112 P:energy reserve metabolic process TAS:ProtInc.
GO:0009062 P:fatty acid catabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0007565 P:female pregnancy IEA:Compara.
GO:0006006 P:glucose metabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0006114 P:glycerol biosynthetic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0042445 P:hormone metabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0030073 P:insulin secretion IEA:Compara.
GO:0033210 P:leptin-mediated signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0050901 P:leukocyte tethering or rolling IEA:Compara.
GO:0051956 P:negative regulation of amino acid transport IEA:Compara.
GO:0043066 P:negative regulation of apoptotic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0032099 P:negative regulation of appetite ISS:HGNC.
GO:0061037 P:negative regulation of cartilage development IEA:Compara.
GO:0070093 P:negative regulation of glucagon secretion IEA:Compara.
GO:0000122 P:negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IEA:Compara.
GO:0045906 P:negative regulation of vasoconstriction IEA:Compara.
GO:0001542 P:ovulation from ovarian follicle IEA:Compara.
GO:0001890 P:placenta development IDA:DFLAT.
GO:0050867 P:positive regulation of cell activation IEA:Compara.
GO:0008284 P:positive regulation of cell proliferation IEA:Compara.
GO:0001819 P:positive regulation of cytokine production IEA:Compara.
GO:0048639 P:positive regulation of developmental growth IDA:DFLAT.
GO:0046881 P:positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion IEA:Compara.
GO:0046628 P:positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0043270 P:positive regulation of ion transport IEA:Compara.
GO:0033686 P:positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion IEA:Compara.
GO:0043410 P:positive regulation of MAPK cascade IEA:Compara.
GO:0045639 P:positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation IEA:Compara.
GO:2000366 P:positive regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus IEA:Compara.
GO:0042517 P:positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein IEA:Compara.
GO:0008217 P:regulation of blood pressure IEA:Compara.
GO:0006111 P:regulation of gluconeogenesis IEA:Compara.
GO:0050796 P:regulation of insulin secretion IEA:Compara.
GO:0030300 P:regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption IEA:Compara.
GO:0060587 P:regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation IEA:Compara.
GO:0050810 P:regulation of steroid biosynthetic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0002021 P:response to dietary excess IEA:Compara.
GO:0001666 P:response to hypoxia IEA:Compara.
GO:0032868 P:response to insulin stimulus IEA:Compara.
GO:0033197 P:response to vitamin E IEA:Compara.
GO:0007260 P:tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein IEA:Compara.
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Interpro
IPR009079;    4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
IPR012351;    4_helix_cytokine_core.
IPR000065;    Leptin.
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Pfam
PF02024;    Leptin;    1.
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SMART
PROSITE
PRINTS
PR00495;    LEPTIN.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
SIGNAL        1     21       Potential.
CHAIN        22    167       Leptin.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000017685.
DISULFID    117    167
VARIANT      49     49       Missing (in 30% the clones).
                             /FTId=VAR_004196.
VARIANT      94     94       V -> M (in dbSNP:rs17151919).
                             /FTId=VAR_004197.
VARIANT     105    105       R -> W (in morbid obesity and
                             hypogonadism).
                             /FTId=VAR_008094.
VARIANT     110    110       V -> M (in dbSNP:rs1800564).
                             /FTId=VAR_011955.
CONFLICT     96     96       Q -> R (in Ref. 8; AAB63507).
HELIX        25     44
HELIX        72     87
HELIX        92    114
HELIX       128    131
HELIX       132    135
HELIX       142    160
HELIX       161    163
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 504 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 167 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
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