SG ID

SG00000660 

UniProt Accession

SPNXD_HUMAN;Q9BXN6;Q5JWI1;  

Theoretical PI

5.22  

Molecular Weight

11029 Da  

Genbank Nucleotide ID

AF312765; AJ457791; AY920931; AY920933; AY920934; AY920935; AY920936; AY920937; AY920939; AY920940; AY920941; AY920942; AY920943; AY920944; AY920945; AY920946; AY920947; AY920948; AY920949; AY920950; AY920951; AY920952; AY920953; AY920954; AY920955; AY920956; AY920957; AY920958; AY920959; AY920960; AY920961; AY920962; AY920963; AY920965; AY920966; AY920967; AY920968; AY920969; AY920970; AY920971; AY920972; AY920973; AY920974; AY920975; AY920976; AY920977; AY920978; AY920979; AY920980; AY920981; AY920982; AY920985; AY920986; AY920987; AL121881; BC103961; BC121070; BC134418;  

Genbank Protein ID

AAK28485.1; CAD29840.1; AAY18634.1; AAY18636.1; AAY18637.1; AAY18638.1; AAY18639.1; AAY18640.1; AAY18642.1; AAY18643.1; AAY18644.1; AAY18645.1; AAY18646.1; AAY18647.1; AAY18648.1; AAY18649.1; AAY18650.1; AAY18651.1; AAY18652.1; AAY18653.1; AAY18654.1; AAY18655.1; AAY18656.1; AAY18657.1; AAY18658.1; AAY18659.1; AAY18660.1; AAY18661.1; AAY18662.1; AAY18663.1; AAY18664.1; AAY18665.1; AAY18666.1; AAY18668.1; AAY18669.1; AAY18670.1; AAY18671.1; AAY18672.1; AAY18673.1; AAY18674.1; AAY18675.1; AAY18676.1; AAY18677.1; AAY18678.1; AAY18679.1; AAY18680.1; AAY18681.1; AAY18682.1; AAY18683.1; AAY18684.1; AAY18685.1; AAY18688.1; AAY18689.1; AAY18690.1; CAI42368.1; AAI03962.1; AAI21071.1; AAI34419.1; 

Gene Name

SPANXD 

Gene Synonyms/Alias

 

Protein Name

Sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome D 

Protein Synonyms/Alias

Cancer/testis antigen 11.4;CT11.4 Nuclear-associated protein SPAN-Xd;SPANX-D SPANX family member D; 

Homo sapiens (Human) 

9606 

The SPANXa/d gene localization to non-acrosomal domains of the nuclear envelope adjacent to regions of euchromatin and their redistribution to the redundant nuclear envelope during spermiogenesis provide a biomarker for the redundant nuclear envelope of spermatids and spermatozoa. 

The information of related literatures

1. V. A. Westbrook, P. D. Schoppee, G. R. Vanage, K. L. Klotz, A. B. Diekman, C. J. Flickinger, M. A. Coppola and J. C. Herr (2006) Hominoid-specific SPANXA/D genes demonstrate differential expression in individuals and protein localization to a distinct nuclear envelope domain during spermatid morphogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 12(11): 703-16. 

Abstract
Human sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome consists of a five-member gene family (SPANXA1, SPANXA2, SPANXB, SPANXC and SPANXD) clustered at Xq27.1. Evolved from an ancestral SPANX-N gene family (at Xq27 and Xp11) present in all primates as well as in rats and mice, the SPANXA/D family is present only in humans, bonobos, chimpanzees and gorillas. Among hominoid-specific genes, the SPANXA/D gene family is considered to be undergoing rapid positive selection in its coding region. In this study, RT-PCR of human testis mRNA from individuals showed that, although all SPANXA/D genes are expressed in humans, differences are evident. In particular, SPANXC is expressed only in a subset of men. The SPANXa/d protein localized to the nuclear envelope of round, condensing and elongating spermatids, specifically to regions that do not underlie the developing acrosome. During spermiogenesis, the SPANXa/d-positive domain migrated into the base of the head as the redundant nuclear envelope that protrudes into the residual cytoplasm. Post-testicular modification of the SPANXa/d proteins was noted, as were PEST (proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine rich regions) domains. It is concluded that the duplication of the SPANX-N gene family that occurred 6-11 MYA resulted in a new gene family, SPANXA/D, that plays a role during spermiogenesis. The SPANXa/d gene products are among the few examples of X-linked nuclear proteins expressed following meiosis. Their localization to non-acrosomal domains of the nuclear envelope adjacent to regions of euchromatin and their redistribution to the redundant nuclear envelope during spermiogenesis provide a biomarker for the redundant nuclear envelope of spermatids and spermatozoa. PMID: [17012309] 

Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene

Function

 

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm (By similarity). Nucleus (Bysimilarity). Note=Associated with nuclear craters (By similarity). 

Tissue Specificity

Detected in testis, sperm and a melanoma cellline. 

Gene Ontology

GO ID	GO term	Evidence
GO:0005737	C:cytoplasm	IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0005634	C:nucleus	IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.

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Interpro

IPR010007;    SPANX_prot.
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Pfam

PF07458;    SPAN-X;    1.
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SMART

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PROSITE

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PRINTS

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Created Date

18-Oct-2012 

Record Type

Experiment identified 

Protein sequence Annotation

Nucleotide Sequence

Length: 310 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA

Protein Sequence

Length: 97 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA

The verified Protein-Protein interaction information

UniProt

Gene Symbol

Ref Databases

Other Protein-Protein interaction resources

String database  

UniProt	Gene Symbol	Ref Databases
LEG4_HUMAN	LGALS4	String
MSH6_HUMAN	MSH6	String
LEG4_HUMAN	LGALS4	String
MSH6_HUMAN	MSH6	String
SRY_HUMAN	SRY	String
SRY_HUMAN	SRY	String

View Microarray data

Temporarily unavailable 

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