SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00001065 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
6.13  
Molecular Weight
52266 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
Smad2 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
Madh2, Madr2 
Protein Name
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
MAD homolog 2Mothers against DPP homolog 2 Mad-related protein 2;mMad2 SMAD family member 2;SMAD 2Smad2 
Organism
Mus musculus (Mouse) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
10090 
Chromosome Location
chr:18;76401234-76465385;1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
Temporarily unavailable 
The information of related literatures
1. R. A. Wang and G. Q. Zhao (1999) Transforming growth factor beta signal transducer Smad2 is expressed in mouse meiotic germ cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells during spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 61(4): 999-1004. 

Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) family are expressed in the seminiferous tubules, the functions of these growth factors in spermatogenesis remain elusive. In order to shed light on the mechanisms of TGFbeta action in spermatogenesis, it is crucial to determine whether and where their downstream signaling molecules are expressed in the testis. We examined the expression of Smad2, an intracellular signal transducer of the TGFbetas, in mouse testes by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Both Smad2 mRNA and protein were detected in meiotic germ cells, from preleptotene to pachytene spermatocytes, but not in postmeiotic germ cells. Smad2 expression was also observed in interstitial cells and Sertoli cells. Therefore, our data provide molecular evidence for TGFbeta signal transduction during spermatogenesis. PMID: [10491636] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Function
Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is anintracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulatoractivated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activintype 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoterregion of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, onformation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Mayact as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positivelyregulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociationfrom the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator(By similarity). 
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Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm (By similarity). Nucleus (Bysimilarity). Note=Cytoplasmic and nuclear in the absence of TGF-beta. On TGF-beta stimulation, migrates to the nucleus whencomplexed with SMAD4. On dephosphorylation by phosphatase PPM1A,released from the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, and exported out of thenucleus by interaction with RANBP1 (By similarity). 
Tissue Specificity
 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0032444 C:activin responsive factor complex IEA:Compara.
GO:0005737 C:cytoplasm IDA:BHF-UCL.
GO:0071141 C:SMAD protein complex IEA:Compara.
GO:0005667 C:transcription factor complex IDA:MGI.
GO:0003682 F:chromatin binding IDA:MGI.
GO:0003690 F:double-stranded DNA binding IDA:MGI.
GO:0003700 F:sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IEA:Compara.
GO:0030618 F:transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity IEA:Compara.
GO:0009952 P:anterior/posterior pattern specification IMP:MGI.
GO:0045165 P:cell fate commitment IMP:MGI.
GO:0007182 P:common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation ISO:MGI.
GO:0048589 P:developmental growth IGI:MGI.
GO:0048701 P:embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis IGI:MGI.
GO:0048617 P:embryonic foregut morphogenesis IGI:MGI.
GO:0009880 P:embryonic pattern specification IGI:MGI.
GO:0007492 P:endoderm development IGI:MGI.
GO:0001701 P:in utero embryonic development IMP:MGI.
GO:0030073 P:insulin secretion IGI:MGI.
GO:0035556 P:intracellular signal transduction IDA:MGI.
GO:0030324 P:lung development IGI:MGI.
GO:0001707 P:mesoderm formation IMP:MGI.
GO:0008285 P:negative regulation of cell proliferation IEA:Compara.
GO:0045892 P:negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IEA:Compara.
GO:0038092 P:nodal signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0035265 P:organ growth IGI:MGI.
GO:0060021 P:palate development IMP:BHF-UCL.
GO:0031016 P:pancreas development IGI:MGI.
GO:0048340 P:paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis IMP:MGI.
GO:0060039 P:pericardium development IGI:MGI.
GO:0030513 P:positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0010718 P:positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition IMP:BHF-UCL.
GO:1900224 P:positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry IEA:Compara.
GO:0045944 P:positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA:MGI.
GO:0009791 P:post-embryonic development IGI:MGI.
GO:0051098 P:regulation of binding IDA:MGI.
GO:0017015 P:regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IEA:Compara.
GO:0070723 P:response to cholesterol IEA:Compara.
GO:0009749 P:response to glucose stimulus IGI:MGI.
GO:0007183 P:SMAD protein complex assembly IEA:Compara.
GO:0006351 P:transcription, DNA-dependent IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0007179 P:transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IDA:MGI.
GO:0001657 P:ureteric bud development IEP:UniProtKB.
GO:0007352 P:zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis IEA:Compara.
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Interpro
IPR013790;    Dwarfin.
IPR003619;    MAD_homology1_Dwarfin-type.
IPR013019;    MAD_homology_MH1.
IPR017855;    SMAD_dom-like.
IPR001132;    SMAD_dom_Dwarfin-type.
IPR008984;    SMAD_FHA_domain.
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Pfam
PF03165;    MH1;    1.
PF03166;    MH2;    1.
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SMART
SM00523;    DWA;    1.
SM00524;    DWB;    1.
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PROSITE
PS51075;    MH1;    1.
PS51076;    MH2;    1.
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PRINTS
Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
INIT_MET      1      1       Removed (By similarity).
CHAIN         2    467       Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog
                             2.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000090853.
DOMAIN       10    176       MH1.
DOMAIN      274    467       MH2.
MOTIF       221    225       PY-motif (By similarity).
MOD_RES       2      2       N-acetylserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES       8      8       Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      19     19       N6-acetyllysine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     240    240       Phosphoserine; by CAMK2 (By similarity).
MOD_RES     458    458       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     464    464       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     465    465       Phosphoserine; by TGFBR1 (By similarity).
MOD_RES     467    467       Phosphoserine; by TGFBR1 (By similarity).
VAR_SEQ      79    108       Missing (in isoform Short).
                             /FTId=VSP_021571.
CONFLICT     42     42       E -> Q (in Ref. 1; AAB03612 and 2;
                             AAB62269).
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 1639 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 467 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
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