SG ID

SG00001828 

UniProt Accession

D4A4T1_RAT;D4A4T1;  

Theoretical PI

9.12  

Molecular Weight

53815 Da  

Genbank Nucleotide ID

 

Genbank Protein ID

 

Gene Name

Esr2 

Gene Synonyms/Alias

 

Protein Name

 

Protein Synonyms/Alias

SubName: Estrogen receptor beta 

Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 

10116 

Temporarily unavailable 

The information of related literatures

1. A. M. van Pelt, D. G. de Rooij, B. van der Burg, P. T. van der Saag, J. A. Gustafsson and G. G. Kuiper (1999) Ontogeny of estrogen receptor-beta expression in rat testis. Endocrinology 140(1): 478-83. 

Abstract
The recently discovered estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) is expressed in rodent and human testes. To obtain insight in the physiological role of ERbeta we have investigated the cell type-specific expression pattern of ERbeta messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in the testis of rats of various ages by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In fetal testes of rats 16 days postcoitum and testes of 4-day-old animals, fetal germ cells (gonocytes) reveal the ERbeta mRNA in their cytoplasm and the ERbeta protein in their nucleus. In testes of 11- and 15-day-old rats, ERbeta mRNA and protein were detected in Sertoli cells and type A spermatogonia. No signal was found in other types of germ cells. In the adult testes, expression of ERbeta mRNA as well as ERbeta protein was found in pachytene spermatocytes from epithelial stages VII-XIV and in round spermatids from stages I-VIII. Low ERbeta expression was observed in all type A spermatogonia, including undifferentiated A spermatogonia, whereas no expression was found in In and type B spermatogonia and early spermatocytes. At all ages, Sertoli cells showed a weak hybridization signal as well as weak immunoreactivity for ERbeta. In adult testes, no ERbeta mRNA or protein was detected in the interstitial tissue, indicating that Leydig cells and peritubular myoid cells do not express ERbeta. The expression of ERbeta in fetal and late male germ cells as well as in Sertoli cells suggests that estrogens directly affect germ cells during testicular development and spermatogenesis. PMID: [9886860] 

2. A. Chimento, R. Sirianni, F. Zolea, C. Bois, C. Delalande, S. Ando, M. Maggiolini, S. Aquila, S. Carreau and V. Pezzi (2010) Gper and ESRs are expressed in rat round spermatids and mediate oestrogen-dependent rapid pathways modulating expression of cyclin B1 and Bax. Int J Androl (): . 

Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a precisely controlled and timed process, comprising mitotic divisions of spermatogonia, meiotic divisions of spermatocytes, maturation and differentiation of haploid spermatids giving rise to spermatozoa. It is well known that the maintenance of spermatogenesis is controlled by gonadotrophins and testosterone, the effects of which are modulated by a complex network of locally produced factors, including oestrogens. However, it remains uncertain whether oestrogens are able to activate rapid signalling pathways directly in male germ cells. Classically, oestrogens act by binding to oestrogen receptors (ESRs) 1 and 2. Recently, it has been demonstrated that rapid oestrogen action can also be mediated by the G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (Gper). The aim of the present study was to investigate ESRs and Gper expression in primary cultures of adult rat round spermatids (RS) and define if oestradiol (E2) is able to activate, through these receptors, pathways involved in the regulation of genes controlling rat RS apoptosis and/or maturation. In this study, we demonstrated that rat RS express ESR1, ESR2 and Gper. Short-time treatment of RS with E2, the selective Gper agonist G1 and the selective ESR1 and ERbeta agonists, 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT) and 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), respectively, determined activation of Extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) through the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. In addition, we investigated the effects of ESRs and Gper pathway activation on factors involved in RS maturation. Expression of cyclin B1 mRNA was downregulated by E2, G1 and PPT, but not by DPN. A concomitant and inverse regulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax mRNA expression was observed in the same conditions, with DPN being the only one determining an increase in this factor expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate that E2 activates, through ESRs and Gper, pathways involved in the regulation of genes controlling rat RS apoptosis and differentiation such as cyclin B1 and Bax. PMID: [20969598] 

Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene

Function

 

Subcellular Location

 

Tissue Specificity

 

Gene Ontology

GO ID	GO term	Evidence
GO:0005634	C:nucleus	IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0043565	F:sequence-specific DNA binding	IEA:InterPro.
GO:0003700	F:sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IEA:InterPro.
GO:0005496	F:steroid binding	IEA:InterPro.
GO:0003707	F:steroid hormone receptor activity	IEA:InterPro.
GO:0008270	F:zinc ion binding	IEA:InterPro.
GO:0006351	P:transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA:UniProtKB-KW.

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Interpro

IPR021064;    Estrogen_rcpt_beta_N.
IPR008946;    Nucl_hormone_rcpt_ligand-bd.
IPR000536;    Nucl_hrmn_rcpt_lig-bd_core.
IPR024178;    Oestrogen_rcpt-rel.
IPR001723;    Str_hrmn_rcpt.
IPR001628;    Znf_hrmn_rcpt.
IPR013088;    Znf_NHR/GATA.
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Pfam

PF12497;    ERbeta_N;    1.
PF00104;    Hormone_recep;    1.
PF00105;    zf-C4;    1.
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SMART

SM00430;    HOLI;    1.
SM00399;    ZnF_C4;    1.
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PROSITE

PS00031;    NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1;    1.
PS51030;    NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2;    1.
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PRINTS

PR00398;    STRDHORMONER.;   
PR00047;    STROIDFINGER.;   
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Created Date

18-Oct-2012 

Record Type

Experiment identified 

Protein sequence Annotation

Nucleotide Sequence

Length: bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA

Protein Sequence

Length: 484 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA

The verified Protein-Protein interaction information

UniProt

Gene Symbol

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Other Protein-Protein interaction resources

String database  

UniProt

Gene Symbol

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View Microarray data

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