SG ID

SG00001908 

UniProt Accession

D3ZWL1_RAT;D3ZWL1;  

Theoretical PI

6.12  

Molecular Weight

76364 Da  

Genbank Nucleotide ID

 

Genbank Protein ID

 

Gene Name

Skil 

Gene Synonyms/Alias

 

Protein Name

 

Protein Synonyms/Alias

SubName: Protein Skil 

Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 

10116 

Temporarily unavailable 

The information of related literatures

1. C. Itman, P. A. Whiley, W. Zhou, M. Meistrich, Z. Sahin and K. L. Loveland (2009) Regulated production of SnoN2 is a feature of testicular differentiation. Microsc Res Tech 72(11): 833-44. 

Abstract
Transforming growth factor betas (TGF beta s) and activins are key regulators of male fertility, affecting somatic and germ cell proliferation and differentiation in the developing and adult testis. Several studies have shown that these ligands influence discrete developmental stages, suggesting that temporal expression of modifying factors may determine their specific signaling outcomes. Upon binding to cell surface receptors, TGFbeta and activin signals are transduced intracellularly by the phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 transcription factors. The objective of this study was to determine the cellular localization of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and the transcriptional repressor SnoN (Ski-like), a modifier of SMAD2/3 transcriptional activity, in mouse testes. Western blot established that only the smaller SnoN isoform, SnoN2, is produced in the testis. By immunohistochemistry, widespread phospho-SMAD2/3 distribution was observed in somatic and germ cells at all ages. In contrast, SnoN2 production was highly regulated, being detected only in gonocytes and interstitial cells at birth and in pachytene spermatocytes at puberty. In the adult, SnoN2 expression differed to that during the first wave, being ubiquitously expressed but exhibiting regulated nuclear localization. In another model of spermatogenic differentiation, the irradiated rat testis, widespread phospho-SMAD2/3 contrasted with restricted SnoN2 expression. SnoN2 was limited to interstitial cells, with reduced staining intensity observed associated with the timing of spermatogenesis resumption. We conclude that somatic and germ cells at all differentiation stages are actively transducing TGFbeta superfamily signals but that responses to these ligands may be selectively modulated by controlled production and nuclear localization of SnoN2. PMID: [19526521] 

Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene

Function

 

Subcellular Location

 

Tissue Specificity

 

Gene Ontology

GO ID	GO term	Evidence
GO:0005737	C:cytoplasm	IEA:Compara.
GO:0016605	C:PML body	IEA:Compara.
GO:0003682	F:chromatin binding	IEA:Compara.
GO:0000166	F:nucleotide binding	IEA:InterPro.
GO:0003714	F:transcription corepressor activity	IEA:Compara.
GO:0001825	P:blastocyst formation	IEA:Compara.
GO:0007050	P:cell cycle arrest	IEA:Compara.
GO:0070306	P:lens fiber cell differentiation	IEA:Compara.
GO:0002260	P:lymphocyte homeostasis	IEA:Compara.
GO:0045596	P:negative regulation of cell differentiation	IEA:Compara.
GO:0000122	P:negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IEA:Compara.
GO:0030512	P:negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IEA:Compara.
GO:0050772	P:positive regulation of axonogenesis	IEA:Compara.
GO:0070208	P:protein heterotrimerization	IEA:Compara.
GO:0070207	P:protein homotrimerization	IEA:Compara.
GO:0042981	P:regulation of apoptotic process	IEA:Compara.
GO:0046677	P:response to antibiotic	IEA:Compara.
GO:0070848	P:response to growth factor stimulus	IEA:Compara.
GO:0007519	P:skeletal muscle tissue development	IEA:Compara.
GO:0007179	P:transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IEA:Compara.

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Interpro

IPR014890;    c-SKI_SMAD4-bd_dom.
IPR009061;    DNA-bd_dom_put.
IPR010919;    SAND_dom-like.
IPR003380;    Transform_Ski.
IPR023216;    Tscrpt_reg_SKI_SnoN.
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Pfam

PF08782;    c-SKI_SMAD_bind;    1.
PF02437;    Ski_Sno;    1.
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SMART

SM01046;    c-SKI_SMAD_bind;    1.
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PROSITE

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PRINTS

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Created Date

18-Oct-2012 

Record Type

Experiment identified 

Protein sequence Annotation

Nucleotide Sequence

Length: bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA

Protein Sequence

Length: 677 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA

The verified Protein-Protein interaction information

UniProt

Gene Symbol

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Other Protein-Protein interaction resources

String database  

UniProt

Gene Symbol

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View Microarray data

Temporarily unavailable 

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