SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00002004 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
5.16  
Molecular Weight
35753 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
Apoe 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
 
Protein Name
Apolipoprotein E 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
Apo-EFlags: Precursor 
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
10116 
Chromosome Location
chr:1;79003635-79006413;-1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
Temporarily unavailable 
The information of related literatures
1. H. Tsukaguchi, C. Shayakul, U. V. Berger, T. Tokui, D. Brown and M. A. Hediger (1997) Cloning and characterization of the urea transporter UT3. J Clin Invest 99(7): 1506-15. 

Abstract
Urea transport in the kidney plays an important role in urinary concentration and nitrogen balance. Recently, three types of urea transporters have been cloned, UT1 and UT2 from rat and rabbit kidney and HUT11 from human bone marrow. To elucidate the physiological role of the latter urea transporter, we have isolated the rat homologue (UT3) of HUT11 and studied its distribution of expression and functional characteristics. UT3 cDNA encodes a 384 amino acid residue protein, which has 80% identity to the human HUT11 and 62% identity to rat UT2. Functional expression in Xenopus oocytes induced a large (approximately 50-fold) increase in the uptake of urea compared with water-injected oocytes. The uptake was inhibited by phloretin (0.75 mM) and pCMBS (0.5 mM) (55 and 32% inhibition, respectively). Northern analysis gave a single band of 3.8 kb in kidney inner and outer medulla, testis, brain, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lung. In situ hybridization of rat kidney revealed that UT3 mRNA is expressed in the inner stripe of the outer medulla, inner medulla, the papillary surface epithelium, and the transitional urinary epithelium of urinary tracts. Co-staining experiments using antibody against von Willebrand factor showed that UT3 mRNA in the inner stripe of the outer medulla is expressed in descending vasa recta. These data suggest that UT3 in kidney is involved in counter current exchange between ascending and descending vasa recta, to enhance the cortico-papillary osmolality gradient. In situ hybridization of testis revealed that UT3 is located in Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules. The signal was only detected in Sertoli cells associated with the early stages of spermatocyte development, suggesting that urea may play a role in spermatogenesis. PMID: [9119994] 

2. G. L. Law, M. P. McGuinness, C. C. Linder and M. D. Griswold (1997) Expression of apolipoprotein E mRNA in the epithelium and interstitium of the testis and the epididymis. J Androl 18(1): 32-42. 

Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is an important constituent of plasma lipoproteins and is believed to be involved in the regulation of lipid transport and distribution between tissues. The production of this apolipoprotein in extra-hepatic tissues such as the testis and epididymis could facilitate specific local functions. Apo E mRNA was detected in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate. In the epididymis, apo E was detected using in situ hybridization in epithelial cells and in some cells in the interstitium throughout the organ (i.e., caput, corpus, and cauda). Northern blot analysis showed that apo E mRNA is present in Sertoli cells and germ cells, but not peritubular myoid cells. Interstitial cells of the testis displayed the most intense signal for apo E message using in situ hybridization. Messenger RNA for apo E was also detected in the interstitium of rat testes at 3 and 6 days after animals were treated with ethylene dimethanesulfonate (EDS) to eliminate Leydig cells. Thus, in addition to Leydig cells, other cell types within the interstitium are capable of producing apo E message. Levels of testicular apo E mRNA increased between 30 and 60 days pc during which the germ cell population is increasing. As determined by northern blot analysis of RNA from stage synchronized testes, the levels of apo E mRNA fluctuate in relation to the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The cells responsible for this stage-specific variation in message could not be identified by in situ hybridization. Apolipoprotein Al (apo Al) mRNA was also found to be expressed in the epididymis but not in the testis of adult rats. The role of apolipoproteins in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation has not been elucidated. The results of this study demonstrate the specific tissues and cells types which play a role in the production and possible regulation of apo E mRNA in the male reproductive tract. These data will help in the elucidation of the function of apo E in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. PMID: [9089066] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: H. Tsukaguchi, C. Shayakul, U. V. Berger, T. Tokui, D. Brown and M. A. Hediger (1997) Cloning and characterization of the urea transporter UT3. J Clin Invest 99(7): 1506-15. PMID: [9119994]
Ref: H. Tsukaguchi, C. Shayakul, U. V. Berger, T. Tokui, D. Brown and M. A. Hediger (1997) Cloning and characterization of the urea transporter UT3. J Clin Invest 99(7): 1506-15. PMID: [9119994]
Function
Mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism oflipoprotein particles. It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apoB/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicronremnant) of hepatic tissues. 
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Subcellular Location
Secreted. 
Tissue Specificity
Secreted in plasma. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0042627 C:chylomicron IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0030425 C:dendrite IDA:RGD.
GO:0005615 C:extracellular space IDA:RGD.
GO:0031232 C:extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane IDA:RGD.
GO:0005794 C:Golgi apparatus IDA:RGD.
GO:0034364 C:high-density lipoprotein particle IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0005770 C:late endosome IDA:RGD.
GO:0043025 C:neuronal cell body IDA:RGD.
GO:0034361 C:very-low-density lipoprotein particle IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0017127 F:cholesterol transporter activity IEA:Compara.
GO:0008201 F:heparin binding IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0005319 F:lipid transporter activity IDA:RGD.
GO:0071813 F:lipoprotein particle binding IEA:Compara.
GO:0005543 F:phospholipid binding IDA:RGD.
GO:0007568 P:aging IDA:RGD.
GO:0048844 P:artery morphogenesis IEA:Compara.
GO:0006874 P:cellular calcium ion homeostasis IEA:Compara.
GO:0071363 P:cellular response to growth factor stimulus IEP:RGD.
GO:0006707 P:cholesterol catabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0033344 P:cholesterol efflux IEA:Compara.
GO:0042632 P:cholesterol homeostasis IEA:Compara.
GO:0006917 P:induction of apoptosis ISS:UniProtKB.
GO:0042158 P:lipoprotein biosynthetic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0042159 P:lipoprotein catabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0042157 P:lipoprotein metabolic process IDA:RGD.
GO:0034374 P:low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling IEA:Compara.
GO:0051651 P:maintenance of location in cell IEA:Compara.
GO:0050728 P:negative regulation of inflammatory response IEA:Compara.
GO:0014012 P:peripheral nervous system axon regeneration IEP:RGD.
GO:0010468 P:regulation of gene expression IEA:Compara.
GO:0002021 P:response to dietary excess IEA:Compara.
GO:0045471 P:response to ethanol IDA:RGD.
GO:0006979 P:response to oxidative stress IEA:Compara.
GO:0042311 P:vasodilation IEA:Compara.
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Interpro
IPR013326;    ApoA/E_ApoLp.
IPR000074;    ApoA1_A4_E.
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Pfam
PF01442;    Apolipoprotein;    1.
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SMART
PROSITE
PRINTS
Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
SIGNAL        1     18
CHAIN        19    312       Apolipoprotein E.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000001996.
REPEAT       72     93       1.
REPEAT       94    115       2.
REPEAT      116    137       3.
REPEAT      138    159       4.
REPEAT      160    181       5.
REPEAT      182    203       6.
REPEAT      204    225       7.
REPEAT      226    247       8.
REGION       72    247       8 X 22 AA approximate tandem repeats.
REGION      150    160       LDL receptor binding (Potential).
REGION      154    157       Heparin-binding (By similarity).
REGION      221    228       Heparin-binding (By similarity).
MOD_RES     139    139       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
CONFLICT    104    104       A -> T (in Ref. 1; CAA28650).
CONFLICT    110    110       A -> T (in Ref. 3; no nucleotide entry
                             and 4; AAC60703).
CONFLICT    141    141       E -> D (in Ref. 3; no nucleotide entry
                             and 4; AAC60703).
CONFLICT    206    213       GAGAAQPL -> RWRRPAP (in Ref. 1; CAA28650
                             and 3; no nucleotide entry).
CONFLICT    309    310       LE -> WR (in Ref. 3; no nucleotide entry
                             and 4; AAC60703).
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 3237 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 312 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
 Gene Symbol Ref Databases
Acsl1IntAct 
Kcnma1IntAct 
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
Temporarily unavailable 
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