SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0
 

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00002006 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
4.25  
Molecular Weight
12382 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
Ptma 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
 
Protein Name
Prothymosin alpha Thymosin alpha 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
Contains: 
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
10116 
Chromosome Location
chr:9;85291183-85295244;1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Function in Cell Type
Description
Temporarily unavailable 
The information of related literatures
1. D. Ferrara, G. Izzo, P. Pariante, A. Donizetti, M. d'Istria, F. Aniello and S. Minucci (2010) Expression of prothymosin alpha in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis. J Cell Physiol 224(2): 362-8. 

Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (PTMA) is a highly acidic small polypeptide, that is, widely distributed and conserved among mammals. Its possible involvement in male gametogenesis has been mentioned but not clarified yet; in particular, it has been suggested that, in non-mammalian vertebrates, it could play a role during GC meiosis and differentiation. In the present work we investigated the possible association between PTMA and meiotic and post-meiotic phases of mammalian spermatogenesis. Three different time points during postnatal development of rat testis were analyzed, that is, 27 dpp (completed meiosis), 35 dpp (occurring spermiogenesis), and 60 dpp (first wave of spermatogenesis definitely ended). RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the expression levels of both Ptma mRNA and corresponding protein decrease in total extracts from 27 to 60 dpp. The in situ hybridization localized the transcript in interstitial Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells and, inside the tubules, in germ cells from pachytene spermatocytes to newly formed haploid spermatids. The immunohistochemistry analysis localized the protein in the same cell types at 27 dpp, while at 35 and 60 dpp the haploid cells remain the only germ cells that still express it. In particular, PTMA specific localization in the heads of spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa, associated with the acrosome system, supports for the first time the hypothesis of a direct function in male germ cells. PMID: [20432433] 

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Figures for illustrating the function of this protein/gene
Ref: D. Ferrara, G. Izzo, P. Pariante, A. Donizetti, M. d'Istria, F. Aniello and S. Minucci (2010) Expression of prothymosin alpha in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis. J Cell Physiol 224(2): 362-8. PMID: [20432433]
Ref: D. Ferrara, G. Izzo, P. Pariante, A. Donizetti, M. d'Istria, F. Aniello and S. Minucci (2010) Expression of prothymosin alpha in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis. J Cell Physiol 224(2): 362-8. PMID: [20432433]
Ref: D. Ferrara, G. Izzo, P. Pariante, A. Donizetti, M. d'Istria, F. Aniello and S. Minucci (2010) Expression of prothymosin alpha in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis. J Cell Physiol 224(2): 362-8. PMID: [20432433]
Function
Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function byconferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections. 
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Subcellular Location
Nucleus. 
Tissue Specificity
 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0005634 C:nucleus IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0006916 P:anti-apoptosis IDA:RGD.
GO:0030154 P:cell differentiation TAS:RGD.
GO:0008283 P:cell proliferation TAS:RGD.
GO:0043154 P:negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process IDA:RGD.
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Interpro
IPR004931;    Pro/parathymosin.
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Pfam
PF03247;    Prothymosin;    1.
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SMART
PROSITE
PRINTS
Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
Experiment identified 
Protein sequence Annotation
INIT_MET      1      1       Removed.
CHAIN         2    112       Prothymosin alpha.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000299253.
PEPTIDE       2     29       Thymosin alpha.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000029867.
COMPBIAS     42    101       Asp/Glu-rich (acidic).
MOD_RES       2      2       N-acetylserine.
MOD_RES       2      2       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES       8      8       Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
MOD_RES       9      9       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      10     10       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      13     13       Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      14     14       Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      15     15       N6-acetyllysine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     108    108       Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 797 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 112 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
 Gene Symbol Ref Databases
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
Temporarily unavailable 
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