SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0

Tag Content
SG ID
SG00002435 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
6.79  
Molecular Weight
35732 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
Akr1b1 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
Akr1b3, Aldor1, Aldr1 
Protein Name
Aldose reductase 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
AREC=1.1.1.21 Aldehyde reductase; 
Organism
Mus musculus (Mouse) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
10090 
Chromosome Location
chr:6;34253934-34267497;-1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Uncertain 
Function in Cell Type
Uncertain 
Probability (GAS) of Function in Spermatogenesis
0.625801995 
The probability was calculated by GAS algorithm, ranging from 0 to 1. The closer it is to 1, the more possibly it functions in spermatogenesis.
Description
Temporarily unavailable 
Abstract of related literatures
1. Aldose reductase (alditol:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase), an enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications, catalyzes the reduction of a variety of aldehydes. From a mouse kidney library, we isolated aldose reductase cDNA that encodes a 316-amino-acid protein with approximately 97% identity to rat lens aldose reductase, approximately 69% identity to the mouse vas deferens protein and also approximately 69% identity to mouse fibroblast growth-factor-1-regulated protein. RNA-blot analysis demonstrated abundant expression of the enzyme transcript in the testis, skeletal muscle and kidney. However, a very low level of the transcript was detected in the sciatic nerve and lens, where abundant expression and involvement of the enzyme in diabetic complications were documented in other animals species. The isolated cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing. The expressed enzyme demonstrated reductase activity for various aldo sugars but not for the steroids. The enzyme reaction with DL-glyceraldehyde was, however, competitively inhibited by progesterone or 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. The results not only indicate a unique tissue distribution and enzyme attribute of mouse aldose reductase, but also the presence of a closely related subgroup within the aldo-oxidoreductase superfamily in mouse tissues. PMID: [7851421] 

2.

PURPOSE:

To clone and characterize the mouse aldose reductase (AR) gene and evaluate the functional promoter under basal and hypertonic conditions in mouse lens epithelial cells. PMID: [9485485] 

3. Aldose reductase (AR), best known as the first enzyme in the polyol pathway of sugar metabolism, has been implicated in a wide variety of physiological functions and in the etiology of diabetic complications. We have determined the structures and chromosomal locations of the mouse AR gene (Aldor1) and of two genes highly homologous to Aldor1: the fibroblast growth factor regulated protein gene (Fgfrp) and the androgen regulated vas deferens protein gene (Avdp). The number of introns and their locations in the mouse Aldor1 gene are identical to those of rat and human AR genes and also to those of Fgfrp and Avdp. Mouse Aldor1 gene was found to be located near the Cald1 (Caldesmon) and Ptn (Pleiotropin) loci at the proximal end of chromosome 6. The closely related genes Fgfrp and Avdp were also mapped in this region of the chromosome, suggesting that these three genes may have arisen by a gene duplication event. PMID: [10092857] 

4. Aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, is highly expressed in such target organs of complications as the lens and peripheral nerve of experimental animals. In mouse, however, a very low level of the transcript was expressed in these tissues. To explore the unique expression pattern of AR in mice, genomic structure and upstream regions regulating the basal expression of the enzyme were determined. In NIH3T3 cells, a -1.1-kb upstream portion demonstrated the highest promoter activity. The ability to drive the luciferase reporter gene was reduced by 56% when the -1.1/-0.86-kb region was deleted. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, deletion up to -0.67 kb did not affect basal promoter activity. The activity in CHO cells was reduced by 73% when the -0. 67/-0.24-kb region was deleted. These findings indicate that a genomic region directing the cell-specific transcription of the mouse AR gene exists. PMID: [10049784] 

5. The National Institutes of Health's Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project was designed to generate and sequence a publicly accessible cDNA resource containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) for every human and mouse gene. The project initially used a random strategy to select clones from a large number of cDNA libraries from diverse tissues. Candidate clones were chosen based on 5'-EST sequences, and then fully sequenced to high accuracy and analyzed by algorithms developed for this project. Currently, more than 11,000 human and 10,000 mouse genes are represented in MGC by at least one clone with a full ORF. The random selection approach is now reaching a saturation point, and a transition to protocols targeted at the missing transcripts is now required to complete the mouse and human collections. Comparison of the sequence of the MGC clones to reference genome sequences reveals that most cDNA clones are of very high sequence quality, although it is likely that some cDNAs may carry missense variants as a consequence of experimental artifact, such as PCR, cloning, or reverse transcriptase errors. Recently, a rat cDNA component was added to the project, and ongoing frog (Xenopus) and zebrafish (Danio) cDNA projects were expanded to take advantage of the high-throughput MGC pipeline. PMID: [15489334] 

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Function
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a widevariety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their correspondingalcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies. 
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Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm. 
Tissue Specificity
Abundant in the testis, skeletal muscle andkidney. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0005737 C:cytoplasm IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
GO:0005634 C:nucleus IEA:Compara.
GO:0004032 F:alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity IDA:MGI.
GO:0043795 F:glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity IEA:Compara.
GO:0044597 P:daunorubicin metabolic process IEA:Compara.
GO:0044598 P:doxorubicin metabolic process IEA:Compara.
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Interpro
IPR001395;    Aldo/ket_red.
IPR018170;    Aldo/ket_reductase_CS.
IPR020471;    Aldo/keto_reductase_subgr.
IPR023210;    NADP_OxRdtase_dom.
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Pfam
PF00248;    Aldo_ket_red;    1.
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SMART
PROSITE
PS00798;    ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_1;    1.
PS00062;    ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_2;    1.
PS00063;    ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_3;    1.
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PRINTS
PR00069;    ALDKETRDTASE.;   
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Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
GAS predicted 
Sequence Annotation
INIT_MET      1      1       Removed (By similarity).
CHAIN         2    316       Aldose reductase.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000124624.
NP_BIND      10     19       NADP (Potential).
NP_BIND     211    273       NADP (By similarity).
ACT_SITE     49     49       Proton donor (By similarity).
BINDING     111    111       Substrate (By similarity).
SITE         78     78       Lowers pKa of active site Tyr (By
                             similarity).
MOD_RES       2      2       N-acetylalanine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      23     23       Phosphoserine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      40     40       Phosphotyrosine (By similarity).
MOD_RES      95     95       N6-acetyllysine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     222    222       N6-acetyllysine (By similarity).
MOD_RES     263    263       N6-acetyllysine (By similarity).
CONFLICT     46     46       A -> S (in Ref. 1; BAA06980).
CONFLICT    221    221       A -> G (in Ref. 4; AAC13358).
CONFLICT    281    281       V -> L (in Ref. 7; AAH04725/AAH21655).
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 1337 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 316 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
 Gene Symbol Ref Databases
Got1IntAct 
PrkceIntAct 
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
View Microarray data
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