Probability (GAS) of Function in Spermatogenesis |
0.736016837
The probability was calculated by GAS algorithm, ranging from 0 to 1. The closer it is to 1, the more possibly it functions in spermatogenesis. |
Abstract of related literatures |
1. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) are small proteins, which are related both by sequence and by in vitro enzyme activity. Here we show that the gene for DDT in human and mouse is identical in exon structure to MIF. Both genes have two introns that are located at equivalent positions, relative to a twofold repeat in protein structure. Although in similar positions, the introns are in different phases relative to the open reading frame. Other members of this superfamily exist in nematodes and a plant, and a related gene in C. elegans shares an intron position with MIF and DDT. In addition to similarities in structure, the genes for DDT and MIF are closely linked on human Chromosome (Chr) 22 and mouse Chr 10. PMID: [9716662]
2. D-Dopachrome tautomerase converts 2-carboxy-2,3-dihydroindole-5, 6-quinone (D-dopachrome) into 5,6-dihydroxyindole. The amino acid sequence of this protein is 27% identical with that of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, which is known as a cytokine, pituitary hormone, and glucocorticoid-induced immunomodulator. In this study, we isolated and sequenced a 3490 bp-long genomic DNA of mouse D-dopachrome tautomerase that consists of three exons and two introns. By two procedures, 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends and cap site labeling, we determined the transcription initiation site, which is located 46 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. The possible polyadenylation sequence (AATAAA) is located 180 bp downstream of the termination codon. Computer-assisted analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a number of regulatory motifs, including multiple sites for Sp1, C/EBP, NF-Y, and USF. Although the precise pathophysiological functions of D-dopachrome tautomerase remain to be elucidated, the present results will contribute not only to elucidation of the mechanism of gene expression, but also to understanding of the molecular function of this protein. PMID: [9858785]
3. The National Institutes of Health's Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project was designed to generate and sequence a publicly accessible cDNA resource containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) for every human and mouse gene. The project initially used a random strategy to select clones from a large number of cDNA libraries from diverse tissues. Candidate clones were chosen based on 5'-EST sequences, and then fully sequenced to high accuracy and analyzed by algorithms developed for this project. Currently, more than 11,000 human and 10,000 mouse genes are represented in MGC by at least one clone with a full ORF. The random selection approach is now reaching a saturation point, and a transition to protocols targeted at the missing transcripts is now required to complete the mouse and human collections. Comparison of the sequence of the MGC clones to reference genome sequences reveals that most cDNA clones are of very high sequence quality, although it is likely that some cDNAs may carry missense variants as a consequence of experimental artifact, such as PCR, cloning, or reverse transcriptase errors. Recently, a rat cDNA component was added to the project, and ongoing frog (Xenopus) and zebrafish (Danio) cDNA projects were expanded to take advantage of the high-throughput MGC pipeline. PMID: [15489334]
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