Tag Content
SG ID
SG00005740 
UniProt Accession
Theoretical PI
5.78  
Molecular Weight
82375 Da  
Genbank Nucleotide ID
Genbank Protein ID
Gene Name
Adam2 
Gene Synonyms/Alias
Ftnb 
Protein Name
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2 
Protein Synonyms/Alias
ADAM 2 Fertilin subunit beta; PH-30;PH30 PH30-beta;Flags: Precursor 
Organism
Mus musculus (Mouse) 
NCBI Taxonomy ID
10090 
Chromosome Location
chr:14;66646166-66696570;-1
View in Ensembl genome browser  
Function in Stage
Uncertain 
Function in Cell Type
Uncertain 
Probability (GAS) of Function in Spermatogenesis
0.833011524 
The probability was calculated by GAS algorithm, ranging from 0 to 1. The closer it is to 1, the more possibly it functions in spermatogenesis.
Description
Temporarily unavailable 
Abstract of related literatures
1. The guinea pig sperm protein, PH-30 (also known as fertilin), is postulated to participate in the interaction between the sperm and egg plasma membranes. The beta subunit of guinea pig PH-30 (gpPH-30 beta) contains a domain with homology to disintegrins, snake venom proteins that bind to integrins via an integrin-binding domain containing the tripeptide RGD. This raises the question of whether an egg integrin serves as a receptor for PH-30. Although mouse eggs express integrin subunits, their role in mouse fertilization is unresolved. Therefore, we examined fertilization for two different hallmarks of integrin function, namely, dependence of ligand binding on divalent cations and the ability to inhibit ligand binding with RGD peptides. We demonstrate that sperm binding to zona pellucida-free eggs is supported by Ca2+, Mg2+, or Mn2+. Ca2+ was necessary and sufficient for sperm-egg fusion, with 2.5 mM Ca2+ being the most effective concentration. In addition, fertilization could be partially inhibited with various RGD peptides, which caused a decrease in sperm-egg fusion by 30-58%. This partial inhibition of fusion with RGD peptides prompted the cloning of the mouse homologue of gpPH-30 beta (hereafter referred to as mPH-30 beta) to determine if it possessed the tripeptide RGD or a different amino acid sequence in its disintegrin domain. mPH-30 beta, which is expressed during meiotic and post-meiotic phases of spermatogenesis, shares significant similarities to gpPH-30 beta throughout the length of the molecule, from the signal sequence to the cytoplasmic tail. The full-length deduced amino acid sequence of mPH-30 beta. The disintegrin domain of mPH-30 beta has the tripeptide QDE (instead of RGD) in its cell recognition region. Peptides containing this QDE sequence decrease the binding and fusion of sperm with zona pellucida-free eggs by approximately 70%, suggesting that the disintegrin domain of mPH-30 beta participates in the interaction between sperm and egg membranes. PMID: [7593287] 

2. This study describes comprehensive polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome. We identify the 5' and 3' boundaries of 181,047 transcripts with extensive variation in transcripts arising from alternative promoter usage, splicing, and polyadenylation. There are 16,247 new mouse protein-coding transcripts, including 5154 encoding previously unidentified proteins. Genomic mapping of the transcriptome reveals transcriptional forests, with overlapping transcription on both strands, separated by deserts in which few transcripts are observed. The data provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development. PMID: [16141072] 

3. Fertilin alpha and beta, previously known as PH-30 alpha and beta, are two subunits of a guinea pig sperm integral membrane protein implicated in sperm-egg binding and fusion. They are derived from sequence-similar precursors which contain a metalloprotease-like and a disintegrin-like domain and which are related to a family of metalloprotease and disintegrin domain-containing snake venom proteins. We report here the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of mouse fertilin alpha and beta as well as five additional sequence-similar cDNAs from guinea pig and mouse testis. We name this gene family ADAM, for proteins containing A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain, and in honor of its dual origins in the fields of snakes and fertility. In situ hybridization demonstrated that, in testis, RNA encoding these ADAMs is expressed only in spermatogenic cells and that this expression is developmentally regulated. PCR analysis of mouse tissue cDNA showed that these ADAMs display different patterns of tissue distribution. Some ADAMs (e.g., fertilin alpha) have the consensus active-site sequence for a zinc-dependent metalloprotease in their metalloprotease-like domain. All have a disintegrin-like domain, which could bind integrins or other receptors. Some have sequences which may be active in membrane fusion. All encode potential membrane-spanning domains. Searches of sequence databases revealed that additional mammalian members of the ADAM gene family have been cloned from a variety of tissues. Thus, the ADAMs are a large, widely expressed, and developmentally regulated family of proteins with multiple potential functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. PMID: [7750654] 

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Function
Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved insperm-egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion duringfertilization. Could have a direct role in sperm-zona binding ormigration of sperm from the uterus into the oviduct. Interactionswith egg membrane could be mediated via binding between itsdisintegrin-like domain to one or more integrins receptors on theegg. This is a non catalytic metalloprotease-like protein (Bysimilarity). 
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Subcellular Location
Membrane; Single-pass type I membraneprotein. 
Tissue Specificity
Expressed specifically in testis. 
Gene Ontology
GO IDGO termEvidence
GO:0001669 C:acrosomal vesicle IEA:Compara.
GO:0016021 C:integral to membrane IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
GO:0004222 F:metalloendopeptidase activity IEA:InterPro.
GO:0008270 F:zinc ion binding IEA:InterPro.
GO:0030534 P:adult behavior IMP:MGI.
GO:0007155 P:cell adhesion IGI:MGI.
GO:0006508 P:proteolysis IEA:InterPro.
GO:0008542 P:visual learning IMP:MGI.
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Interpro
IPR006586;    ADAM_Cys-rich.
IPR001762;    Blood-coag_inhib_Disintegrin.
IPR018358;    Disintegrin_CS.
IPR000742;    EG-like_dom.
IPR024079;    MetalloPept_cat_dom.
IPR001590;    Peptidase_M12B.
IPR002870;    Peptidase_M12B_N.
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Pfam
PF08516;    ADAM_CR;    1.
PF00200;    Disintegrin;    1.
PF01562;    Pep_M12B_propep;    1.
PF01421;    Reprolysin;    1.
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SMART
SM00608;    ACR;    1.
SM00050;    DISIN;    1.
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PROSITE
PS50215;    ADAM_MEPRO;    1.
PS00427;    DISINTEGRIN_1;    1.
PS50214;    DISINTEGRIN_2;    1.
PS00022;    EGF_1;    FALSE_NEG.
PS01186;    EGF_2;    FALSE_NEG.
PS50026;    EGF_3;    1.
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PRINTS
Created Date
18-Oct-2012 
Record Type
GAS predicted 
Sequence Annotation
SIGNAL        1     18       Potential.
PROPEP       19    180       By similarity.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000029046.
CHAIN       181    735       Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-
                             containing protein 2.
                             /FTId=PRO_0000029047.
TOPO_DOM     19    686       Extracellular (Potential).
TRANSMEM    687    707       Helical; (Potential).
TOPO_DOM    708    735       Cytoplasmic (Potential).
DOMAIN      184    381       Peptidase M12B.
DOMAIN      389    476       Disintegrin.
DOMAIN      615    648       EGF-like.
COMPBIAS    480    611       Cys-rich.
CARBOHYD    128    128       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
CARBOHYD    226    226       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
CARBOHYD    279    279       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
CARBOHYD    359    359       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
CARBOHYD    463    463       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
CARBOHYD    489    489       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
CARBOHYD    569    569       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
CARBOHYD    585    585       N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential).
DISULFID    293    376       By similarity.
DISULFID    335    360       By similarity.
DISULFID    337    342       By similarity.
DISULFID    449    469       By similarity.
DISULFID    619    630       By similarity.
DISULFID    624    636       By similarity.
DISULFID    638    647       By similarity.
CONFLICT      2      2       W -> R (in Ref. 2; AAD04207).
CONFLICT     17     20       LSQS -> IRHE (in Ref. 4; AAA74921).
CONFLICT     24     25       GT -> A (in Ref. 4; AAA74921).
CONFLICT    113    113       I -> M (in Ref. 1; AAA90980).
CONFLICT    234    242       LEFWMDENK -> WNFGWMKQ (in Ref. 4;
                             AAA74921).
CONFLICT    246    247       TG -> QA (in Ref. 4; AAA74921).
CONFLICT    286    286       A -> L (in Ref. 4; AAA74921).
CONFLICT    331    332       DV -> RRL (in Ref. 4; AAA74921).
CONFLICT    382    382       R -> T (in Ref. 2; AAD04207).
CONFLICT    658    658       S -> T (in Ref. 4; AAA74921).
CONFLICT    679    679       A -> R (in Ref. 2; AAD04207).
CONFLICT    712    712       Q -> P (in Ref. 1; AAA90980).
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Nucleotide Sequence
Length: 2546 bp   Go to nucleotide: FASTA
Protein Sequence
Length: 735 bp   Go to amino acid: FASTA
The verified Protein-Protein interaction information
UniProt
Gene Symbol Ref Databases
Other Protein-Protein interaction resources
String database  
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