Probability (GAS) of Function in Spermatogenesis |
0.738636392
The probability was calculated by GAS algorithm, ranging from 0 to 1. The closer it is to 1, the more possibly it functions in spermatogenesis. |
Abstract of related literatures |
1. We have identified a novel type 2C serine-threonine phosphatase, FIN13, whose expression is induced by fibroblast growth factor 4 and serum in late G1 phase. The protein encoded by FIN13 cDNA includes N- and C-terminal domains with significant homologies to type 2C phosphatases, a domain homologous to collagen, and an acidic domain. FIN13 expression predominates in proliferating tissues. Bacterially expressed FIN13 and FIN13 expressed in mammalian cells exhibit serine-threonine phosphatase activity, which requires Mn2+ and is insensitive to inhibition by okadaic acid. FIN13 is localized in the nuclei of transiently transfected cells. Cotransfection of FIN13-expressing plasmids with a plasmid that expresses the neomycin resistance gene inhibits the growth of drug-resistant colonies in NIH 3T3, HeLa and Rat-1 cells. In transiently transfected cells, FIN13 inhibits DNA synthesis and results in the accumulation of cells in G1 and early S phases. Similarly, the induction of expression of FIN13 under the control of a tetracycline-regulated promoter in NIH 3T3 cells leads to growth inhibition, with accumulation of cells in G1 and early S phases. Thus, overexpression and/or unregulated expression of FIN13 inhibits cell cycle progression, indicating that the physiological role of this phosphatase may be that of regulating the orderly progression of cells through the mitotic cycle by dephosphorylating specific substrates which are important for cell proliferation. PMID: [9271424]
2. The National Institutes of Health's Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project was designed to generate and sequence a publicly accessible cDNA resource containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) for every human and mouse gene. The project initially used a random strategy to select clones from a large number of cDNA libraries from diverse tissues. Candidate clones were chosen based on 5'-EST sequences, and then fully sequenced to high accuracy and analyzed by algorithms developed for this project. Currently, more than 11,000 human and 10,000 mouse genes are represented in MGC by at least one clone with a full ORF. The random selection approach is now reaching a saturation point, and a transition to protocols targeted at the missing transcripts is now required to complete the mouse and human collections. Comparison of the sequence of the MGC clones to reference genome sequences reveals that most cDNA clones are of very high sequence quality, although it is likely that some cDNAs may carry missense variants as a consequence of experimental artifact, such as PCR, cloning, or reverse transcriptase errors. Recently, a rat cDNA component was added to the project, and ongoing frog (Xenopus) and zebrafish (Danio) cDNA projects were expanded to take advantage of the high-throughput MGC pipeline. PMID: [15489334]
3. Cells monitor and respond to extracellular signals from polypeptide growth factors by the induction of a genetic program. Although poorly understood at the molecular level, the biological activity of growth factors is believed to be mediated by the regulation of specific sets of genes. We have isolated a number of cDNAs, the expression of whose corresponding RNAs is induced by FGF-4 (K-FGF) in murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts. The cDNAs (FIN, for FGF-inducible) were isolated using a strategy of subtractive hybridization designed to yield 'late' genes which compared transformed 3T3 cells that constitutively produce FGF-4 with their normal counterpart. The 21 independent cDNAs isolated were found to correspond to known genes (FIN1-12), or novel genes (FIN13-21). Expression of the FIN genes is induced in response to FGF-4 as well as to serum in NIH3T3 cells with delayed kinetics, with maximum stimulation occurring 12-18h after growth factor treatment. Induction requires protein synthesis and is mostly transcriptional. FIN1-12 encode a broad range of previously described genes, some of which are proposed to have an important role in cell proliferation. The novel clones include a putative serine-threonine phosphatase (FIN13) and a gene with homology to NTP-binding proteins (FIN16). The distribution of expression of the novel FIN clones in adult mouse tissues was highly restricted, although most were expressed in embryos. While expression of novel FIN cDNAs was strongly regulated in NIH3T3 cells, induction of differentiation in PC-12 cells by FGF-4 (as well as by NGF) did not result in significant induction of expression, suggesting that most of the FIN genes are proliferation-specific. Chromosomal localization of novel FIN clones indicated that each segregated independently to separate mouse chromosomes. PMID: [8649829]
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Tissue Specificity |
Highly expressed in testis. Low level ofexpression in kidney. Also expressed in a number of tissuesundergoing proliferation including embryo, uterus at pregnancy,placenta, and ovaries. |