0.093771858 The probability was calculated by GAS algorithm, ranging from 0 to 1. The closer it is to 1, the more possibly it functions in spermatogenesis.
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Abstract of related literatures
1. The differentiation Ag identified by the mAb M1/69 and J11d (commonly referred to as heat-stable Ag) are found in structurally heterogeneous forms on the surfaces of many types of murine hemopoietic cells. The extinction of expression of these antigens is associated with thymocyte maturation and Ig class switching in B cells, as well as terminal differentiation of macrophages. A cDNA encoding the M1/69-J11d peptide was cloned from a hemopoietic progenitor cell line by immunoselection of COS cells transfected with expression libraries. The cloned cDNA is a copy of a gene that is transcribed in M1/69-J11d+ lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid cells. This gene could be responsible for the expression of all forms of the M1/69-J11d Ag, although there are homologous genes that may encode some forms of the Ag that are specifically expressed in bone marrow. The cloned cDNA encodes a surprisingly small peptide, predicted to contain only 30 amino acids after removal of a signal sequence and displacement of the C-terminal region by the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol group that anchors the peptide to the cell surface. Almost all of the mass of the M1/69-J11d Ag accumulates through extensive N- and O-linked glycosylation at multiple sites in the short peptide. These carbohydrates are likely to execute the functions of M1/69-J11d Ag, which could be specialized to each cell type as a consequence of differential glycosylation. PMID: [2118158]
2. We have isolated a murine cDNA by virtue of its expression in pre-B cell lines but not in plasmacytomas. In mouse, mRNA is detected by Northern blot analysis exclusively in hematopoietic tissues with the exception of brain. When expressed in bacteria, the encoded protein is specifically recognized by several antibodies against the murine hematopoietic differentiation marker called heat-stable antigen (HSA). In contrast to previous speculations, these results suggest that the antigenic determinant recognized by anti-HSA antibodies is proteinaceous. The cDNA sequence is essentially identical to a mouse HSA cDNA recently published (Kay et al., J. Immunol. 1990. 145: 1952). Three HSA genes were isolated, one of which corresponds to the isolated cDNA. The other two appear to be intronless retroposons which, despite numerous sequence changes, maintain an open reading frame. One of these intronless genes could code for an alternative form of HSA with a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail not encoded by the intron-containing gene. This gene could be expressed, based on sequence comparisons of the three genes. However, using polymerase chain reaction amplification of first strand cDNA from various cell lines and adult mouse tissues, we could detect expression only of the intron-containing gene. PMID: [2019286]
3. Expression of the mouse heat stable antigen (HSA or mouse CD24) shows tissue-specific as well as developmental regulation. During the maturation of several hematopoietic lineages, HSA expression is generally high in immature precursor cells and low or absent in terminally differentiated cells. We present evidence suggesting that this regulation of the HSA gene (Cd24a) occurs at the transcriptional level. In addition, sequence and methylation analysis of the Cd24a promoter revealed characteristics of both "housekeeping" and tissue-specific promoters, including a methylation-free, HpaII tiny fragment (HTF) island, multiple putative SP1 and AP-2 consensus binding sites, and a TATA box. Functional analysis of a 0.6-kilobase DNA fragment containing these elements fused to the CAT reporter gene in transient transfection experiments showed activity in both HSA expressing and non-expressing cell lines with a strength similar to that of the herpes-simplex virus-thymidine kinase promoter. Large fragments from the flanking region of the Cd24a promoter did not influence the ubiquitous nature of this promoter. Finally, we mapped the Cd24a, Cd24b, and Cd24c genes to mouse chromosomes 10, 8, and 14 respectively. PMID: [8226859]
4. The National Institutes of Health's Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project was designed to generate and sequence a publicly accessible cDNA resource containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) for every human and mouse gene. The project initially used a random strategy to select clones from a large number of cDNA libraries from diverse tissues. Candidate clones were chosen based on 5'-EST sequences, and then fully sequenced to high accuracy and analyzed by algorithms developed for this project. Currently, more than 11,000 human and 10,000 mouse genes are represented in MGC by at least one clone with a full ORF. The random selection approach is now reaching a saturation point, and a transition to protocols targeted at the missing transcripts is now required to complete the mouse and human collections. Comparison of the sequence of the MGC clones to reference genome sequences reveals that most cDNA clones are of very high sequence quality, although it is likely that some cDNAs may carry missense variants as a consequence of experimental artifact, such as PCR, cloning, or reverse transcriptase errors. Recently, a rat cDNA component was added to the project, and ongoing frog (Xenopus) and zebrafish (Danio) cDNA projects were expanded to take advantage of the high-throughput MGC pipeline. PMID: [15489334]
5. The rat anti-mouse erythrocyte (MRBC) monoclonal antibody (mAb), R13, has been developed. The MRBC membrane protein recognized by R13 (R13-Ag) can be purified by loading the butanol-extracted MRBC membrane solution on a R13-conjugated Cellulofine column in the presence of 0.1% CHAPS followed by elution with 1% CHAPS. The amino acid sequence of the affinity-purified R13-Ag corresponded to that predicted from the cDNA for the murine heat-stable antigen. It was revealed that the actual heat-stable antigen was composed of 27 amino acids. PMID: [1530634]